84 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 



The lower ja\v, eacli minus of which is composed of a single 

 piece, corresponds to the anterior portion only (dentary, splenial, 

 and coronoid) of tin- mandible of Sauropsida, and it articulates 

 secondarily with the squamosal. Concerning the primary relations 

 of the>e parts, rompaiv the ehapter on the auditory organ and 

 Fi-. d7. 'I'll.- hyuid areh is often reduced to a fibrous band, the 

 styl')-hyid ligament . ami is connected proximallv- with the base of 

 ih.- auditory eapsule and di-tally with the third visceral (that is, 

 th.' first trur branchial) arch. The latter forms the proper body of 

 the hvuid with its Lrreai.T e<>nma. llemains of the fourth visceral 



O 



(second branchial; arch are present in some cases, as in the Porpoise 

 1'hocsena), for example. For the air-sinuses of the skull compare 

 the chapter on the air-sacs of Birds. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Ain.i;i'i:\, F. Ucber die Segmentation des IFirbclthicrkdrpers. ZeitscJir. f. v/s?. 



Zool. Bd. XL. 1884. 



CALLEXDER, G. \V. Forma/ton, <(r., Human Face. Phil. Trans. 1869. 

 I' \MKS, "W. Ucb. den Ban, des Kopfes von Archceopteryx. Sitz. d. k. preuss. Ak<i<l. 



d. /r/.vs. 37 and 38, 1882. 

 DOHRX, A. Studien zur Ifrgeschichte des Wirbelthierkorpers. Mitlhcilungen dcr 



'/.'log. Station zu NeapeL Bd. VI. 1885. 

 DURSY, E. Eiilw.-Gcsch. des Kopfes des Mcnschen und dcr hohcrcn Wirbetthiere. 



TLihingen, 1869. 

 GEGEXBAUR, C. Untcrs. z. vergl. Anatomic dcr jr-irbcllhicrc, H. III. Das 



Ko l: '/ Selii-hier. Leipzig, IS 7 



HERTWIC;, 0. Ucber das Zahn<*v*t--m d r Amphibicn und seine Bedeutung fur die 



<,' i s Skelcts dcr Mt/itdhdhlc. Arch. f. mikr. Anat. Vol. XI. Suppl. H. 



1874. 

 HOWES, G. B. On some Points in the Anatomy of the Porpoise. Journ. of Anat. and 



rhtisiol. Vol. XIX. 1879. 

 MARSH, 0. C. The Dinoccrata, a Monograph of an Extinct Order of Gigantic 



Mammals. Washington, 1884. 

 MiiLDEXHAUER, Die Entwick. d. mittlercn u. des ailssercn Ohr. Morphol. Jahrb. 



Ud. III. 1878. 



]\IiiLLER, J. Vcrgl. Anatomic der My&inoiden. Berlin, 1834-1845. 

 PAnKER, W. K. Numerous Papers on the Development of the Vertebrate Skull 



in tin- Transactions of the lloyal, Zool<>-ji;tl, ,/,n/ Linumn Societies for the lnnt 



twenty years. 

 PARKKU, \V. K., airl 15r. ITAXV, G. T. -The Morphology of the Skull. London, 



1877. 

 STOHR, P. Zur Entwick. des Koj'i'. ./../' .s- <?r Teleostei. /*,s7sv7/ ///'/ :. />/'? des 300 



Jdhrigen Bestetena der Jul. Max. L'nii-. ;, //"//,-:/.///;/. Lcijixig, 1882. Zur 



Entwick, des Urodelen- und Anur /x. /{ilxrh r.fur //"/.. Zool. Bd. 33 



und 36. 

 \ViEiiK.usiiKiM, IJ Vuli >icillata, d r vergl. Anatomie 



der Salamandrinen. Genua, 1*7">. />'< A"</y'.v/-.V'/ <l / Ur<l //>. Morphol. 



Jahrb. IM. III. 1S77. /'/ ^lini'n,i).>>- il / <!ihiii<:ip!ii<>,fn. Jena, 1879. 

 \Vviir,. .1. \v. vAV.Ueber die Mesoder lie Enkwicklung d / Nerven -/* 



* /<i:-/t ; rk"jif-.i. Ainstcrdain, 1882. 



V. LIMBS. 



The limbs or extremities, wliich are, as appendicular organs, 



di<iiii'4-iiished from the axial organs (head, neck, and bod\ , 

 serve mainly f<>r InconiotiMii. and may be divided into two groups, 



