THE BRAIN. 

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FIG. 117. BRAIN OF Salamandra maculosa. (A, dorsal, B, ventral view.) 

 VH, cerebral hemispheres, marked off by a furrow (F) from the olfactory lobes (Lol) ; 

 ZH, thalamencephalon, with the pineal gland (Z) and the ingrowth of the 

 choroid plexus on the dorsal side, the infundibulum (/??/), and the pituitary 

 body (H) ; ME, optic lobes ; HH, cerebellum ; NH, medulla oblongata ; Frh, 

 fourth ventricle ; R, spinal cord ; /, olfactory nerve ; //, optic nerve, with its 

 chiasma ; HI, oculomotor ; I 7 " 1 , I 7 " 1 , V 3 , first, second, and third divisions of the 

 trigeminal, which arise from the Gasserian ganglion (G) ; Co, commissure 

 between the roots of the trigeminal and facial nerves ; VI, abducent nerve ; 

 VII and VIII, facial and auditory nerves, arising from a common root ; Oh, 

 auditory capsule ; XI, X, glossopharyngeal and vagus group ; G l , ganglion of 

 vagus ; I Sp, II Sp, first (hypoglossal) and second spinal nerves. 



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FIG. 118. BRAIN OF liana cuculenta. (From the dorsal side.) 

 Vff, cerebral hemispheres marked off from the olfactory lobes (L,ol) by a furrow (/) ; I, 

 olfactory nerve ; ZH, thalamencephalon, with the pineal gland (Z) ; MH, mid- 

 brain ; HH, cerebellum ; NH, medulla oblongata ; Frh, fourth ventricle. 



