SUPRARENAL BODIES. 161 



GASKELL, W. H., and GADOW, H. On the Anatomy of the Cardiac Nerves in certain 



Cold-blooded Vertebrates. Jo-urn, of Physiol. Vol. V. No. 4. 

 KUPFEE, C. Uebcr primare Melamcrie des Neuralrohres der Vcrtebratcn. Sitz- 



ungsb. d. K. Baierische Acadcmie der Wissenschaften, Dec. 1885. 

 LENHOSSEK, M. V. Vntersuch. ub. die Spinalganglien des Froschcs. Arehiv f. 



mikr. Anat. Bd. XXVI. 1886. 

 MARSHALL, A. MILNES.- Various Papers on the Development of the Nerves in the 



Journ. of Anat. and Physiol, Vol. XI. and XVI., and in the Quart. Journ. of 



Micros. "Science, Vols. XVIII., XIX., and XXI. 

 MIHALKOVICS, V. v. Entw.-Gcsch. des Gchirns. Leipzig, 1877. 

 OSBORN, H. F. Preliminary Notes on the Brain of Menopoma and liana. Proc. Acad. 



Nat. Sci. Philad. 1884. 

 FiABL-RiicKHAKD, H. Die gegenseit. Verhdltnisse der Chorda, Hypophysis, &c., bei 



Haifischcmbryonen. Morph. Jahrb. Bd. VI. 1880. (See also the further works 



of this author in the Zeitsch. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. XXX., and Arehiv f. Anat. 



und Physiol. 1882 and 1883, as well as in the Biolog. Ccntralb. 1883, No. 1.) 

 REICHERT, C. B. Der Bau des menschl. Gchirns. Leipzig, 1859 und 1861. 

 SCHWALBE, G. Lchrb. d. Neurologic. Erlangen, 1880. 

 STIEDA, L. Cp. the works of this author in the Zeitsch. f. Zool. Bd. XVIII. , XIX., 



XXIII., und XXV. 

 WIEDERSHEIM, R. Skclct und Nervensystcm von Lepidosiren annedcns. Morph. 



Studien, Heft 1. Jena, 1880. 

 WILDER, BURT G. Encephalic Nomenclature. N. Y. Med. Journ., March 21 and 



28, 1885. 

 WYHE, J. W. VAN. Ucber das Visceralskelct und die Nerven des Kopfes der Ganoidcn 



und von Ceratodus. Niederl. Arch. f. Zool. Bd. V. 3. Ucber die Mesoderm- 



segmente und die Entiuicklung der Nerven des Selachierkopfes. Verhdl. der 



R. Acad. der W. zu Amsterdam, 1882. 



SUPRARENAL BODIES. 



These bodies, which owe their name to the position which they 

 occupy in Mammals in front of the kidneys, orginate from the 

 mesoblastic tissue lying between the mesonephros and the aorta as 

 well as from the sympathetic. 



In Elasmobranchs they are represented by a double row of 

 bodies lying right and left of the vertebral column (that is, arranged 

 segmentally) ; in these, a mesoblastic portion, consisting of richly 

 nucleated lobules, and a part arising from the sympathetic may be 

 recognised. In Teleostei the suprarenals are often wanting, but 

 when present they sometimes represent the metamorphosed anterior 

 (lymphoid) part of the kidney. In other cases, they are closely 

 united with the kidneys. It is probable that in all Vertebrates 

 they arise in connection with the pro- or meso-nephros. In 

 Amphibia, they either lie on the ventral side (Anura) or on the 

 inner border (Urodela) of the kidneys, receiving their blood-supply 

 both in Amphibians and Reptiles from the renal-portal vein. 

 In the latter group, as well as in Birds, they are of a bright yellow 

 colour, of an elongated or lobulated form, and lie in close contact 

 with the genital glands. 



In Amniota, and especially in Mammals, the suprarenal of 

 each side forms a definite and uniform mass, lying close to the 

 corresponding kidney, and in it an ectodermal (i.e. sympathetic) 

 medullary, and a mesodermal cortical substance can always be 

 recognised, the two elements here being closely united together. 



M 



