888 



GENERAL INDEX. 



VISION continued. 



myopia, or near sight, iv. : 1462. 

 causes, iv. 1463. 



course of the affection, iv. 1464. 

 treatment, iv. 1464, 1465. 

 presbyopia, iv. 14fi5." 

 causes, iv. 1465. 

 remedial measures, iv. 1466. 

 spectacles for myopic and presbyopic vision, iv. 



1466, 1467. 

 cylindrical eye, iv. 1467. 



method of detecting the defect, iv. 1468, 1469. 

 Professor Stokes's astigmatic lens, iv. 1468. 

 treatment, iv. 1409. 

 Vital action, dependence of, on oxygen, i. 257. 



retention of vitality in some organised substances, i. 



257. 



laws of, iii. 142. See LIFE. 

 affinities, iii. 151. See LIFE. 

 capacity of thorax. See THORAX. 

 contractility. See CONTRACTILITY. 

 endowments of nerves and nervous centres, iii. 720 G. 



See N Envoi's SYSTEM, Physiology of the. 

 phenomena. See LIFE. 

 power of the organic world, i. 75, 76. 

 VITAL STATISTICS, iv. 1469. 



methods for measuring the duration of human life, iv. 



1470. 

 mean age at death, iv. 1470. 



employed as a test of the sanitary condition of 



a nation, iv. 1470, 1471. 



employed as a measure of the relative sanitary 

 condition of English counties, cities, towns, 

 of town and country, and of the several dis- 

 tricts of large cities, iv. 1471. 

 used as a test of the sanitary condition of dif- 

 ferent classes of persons inhabiting the same 

 town or town district, iv. 1472. 

 employed as a measure of the sanitary state of 

 (UH'erent classes of society, and of the mem- 

 bers of different professions, without refer- 

 ence to their place of icsidence, iv. 1473. 

 rate of mortality, iv. 1473. 

 expectation of life, iv. 1474. 

 mean duration of life, iv. 1474. 

 probable duration of life, iv. 1474. 

 Vitality, dormant, or inactive, iii. 141. 154. 



dormant vitality of seeds, eggs, &c., iii. 155. 



length of time during which the dormant vitality 



may be preserved, iii. 155. 

 dormant vitality of seeds, iii. 155. 

 of eggs, iii. 156. 



agents which destroy the vitality of seeds and 

 eggs, and are calculated to produce important 

 clianges in their structure and composition, iii. 

 15fi. 



dorm.int vitality of plants and animals that have at- 

 tained beyond the embryo condition, iii. 156. 

 preservation of dormant vitality due to the maintenance 



of normal constitution, iii. 157. 

 suspension of vital action under other circumstances, 



iii. 157. 

 hibernation of plants, iii. 157. 



of animals, iii. 157. 



animals enclosed in rocks and trees, iii. 158. 

 syncope, iii. 159. 

 suspension of vital action in parts of the human 



body, iii. 159. 



the " Atomic theory " of Dr. Daubeny quoted, iii. 159. 

 t'itclliuc membrane, structure of, in various animals, s. 



[133]. [137]. 



chemical composition of, s. [141]. 

 See OVUM. 



ntfllns, yelk, or yolk, s. 3. See OVUM. 

 Vitrconx humour of tlie rye, ii. 191. 

 canal of Petit, ii. 19-2. 

 chemical composition, ii. 192. 

 corona ciliaris, ii. 193. 



Viverra nasua, organs of voice of the, iv. 14^9. 

 I'lverndte, or palm-cats, dentition of the, iv. 91 1. 

 Viviparous animals, i. 14(j. 



generation, ii. 424. 



J'uce <ti testa, or falsetto voice, iv. 1483. 

 VOICE, iv. 1475. 



definition, iv. 1475. 



the voice in infancy, i. 70. 



pom um Adami, projection of the, i. 70. 

 in old age, i. 79. 



modifications of the human voice, iv. 1475. 

 organs of voice, iv. 1475- 



vibratrv movements of the vocal organs, iv. 1475. 



1476. 



experiments, 1477. 



vital state of the vocal ligaments, iv. 14SO. 

 influence of variation ^ in the hygrometric and ther- 

 mometric states of the air on the pitch of the 

 voice, iv. 1481. 



alleged analogy between the action of the vocal li- 

 gaments, and that of the reeds of musical instru- 

 ments, iv. 1 181. 



the fabctto, or voce di testa, iv. 14 V 3. 

 influence uf the ep glottis ou the voice, iv. 1485. 



VOICE continued. 



art of singing, iy. 1485. 



musical varieties of the human voice, iv. 14S5. 

 action of the vocal organs in producing speech, iv. 



14S6. 



effects of the lesion of the recurrent nerves in en- 

 feebling the voice, iii. 895. 

 reasons why persons born deaf are also dumb, iv. 



1173. 

 weakness of the voice, a sign of approaching death, 



i. oOO 



comparative anatomy, iv. I486. 

 Mammalia, iv. I486. 

 Quadrumana, iv. 1487. 

 Cheiroptera, iv. 1438. 

 Jnsectivora, iv. 1489. 

 Carnivora, iv. 1489. 

 Marsupialia. iv. 1491. 

 Rodentia, iv. 1491. 

 Edentata, iv. J492. 

 Pachydermata, iv. 1492. 

 liuminantia, iv. 1494. 

 Cetacea, iv. 1494. 

 Birds, iv. 1495. 



epiglottis, iv. 1495. 

 rima glottidis, iv. I-IDS. 

 muscles, iv. 1496. 



larynx, superior and inferior, iv. 149(5. 

 bones of the inferior larynx, iv. 1496. 

 membrana tympaniformis. iv. 1497. 

 arytenoid cartilage, iv. 1497. 

 trachea, iv. 1500. 



physiology of the voice of birds, iv. 1500. 

 Eeptilia, iv. 15(11. 

 Sauria, iv. 1502. 

 Chelonia, iv. 1502. 

 Batrachia, iv. 1502. 

 Ophidia, iv. 1502. 

 Insecta, iv. 1503. 



buzzing or humming of insects, iv. 1504. 

 vocal muscles in comparative anatomy, iii. 544. 

 Voles, water, anatomy of the, iv. 370, et seq. 

 Volitantia, Weberian organ in, iv. 1417. 

 Volition, the corpora striata the centre of, iii. 722 L, 7'-'3 



Vulvncinida:, a family of Polygastric animals, iv. 3. 



characters of the family, iv. 3. 

 I'olvox globator, iv. 6. 



mode of generation of, ii. 407. 432. 

 1'oinrr, or ploughshare bone, i. 726 ; ii. 213 ; iii. 725. 



borders, ii. 213. 



1. superior, ii. 213. 



2. anterior, ii. 213. 



3. inferior, ii. 213. 



4. posterior, ii. 213. 

 connexions, ii. 213 

 development, ii. 213. 

 structure, ii. 213. 

 surfaces, ii. 213. 



1. right, ii. 213. 



2. left, ii. 213. 

 Vomiting, act of, s. 316. 



causes, ii. 26; s. 316, 317. 



inverted action of the oesophagus in, iii. 760. 

 Vorticetta convallaria, iv. 397. 



cyathina, iv. 7. 



niicrostoma, mode of reproduction of, s. 8. 

 Vorticcllte, their power of contraction, iii. 533. 



mode of generation of the, ii. 407. 



the vorticella an illustration of the relation which 

 exists in the reproductive function between the 

 animal and vegetable kingdoms, s. 256. 

 Vorticellinid.ee (bell animalcules), a family of Polygastric 

 animals, iv. 4. 



characters of the family, iv. 4. 

 Vulva, the, s. 708. 



Vulvo-Mietme canal, s. 706. See Vagina. 

 I ?</u-vaginal glands, s. 712. 



W. 



Wad'ng birds (Grallatorcs), characters of, i. 269. 

 Walking power of man, iii. 459. 



tables of the mea-ure of the inclination of the trunk in 

 various modes of progression, iii. 460. 



estimate offerees employed in walking, iii. 4nl. 



principles upon which walking and running differ, iii. 



471. 



Walrus (Trichechus rosmarus), dentition of the, iv. 916. 

 KVnvH-hlooded animals, temperature of, as compared with 



cold-blooded animals. See HEAT, AM HAL. 

 Wart-hogs (Phacochcerus) of Africa, teeth of the, iv. 870. 

 7) arts on fingers, ii. 528. 



warty excrescences of the anus, i. 184. 

 If'tsps ( Vespidze). habits of. ii. 865. 



their habitations, and mode in which, and materials of 

 which, they are constructed, iii. 11. 



pneumatic apparatus of the t'ect of wasps, iii. 443. 



g"lden wasps (Chrysididas), ii. SC6. 



habits of, ii. 806. 

 Waste of the organism of animals, s. 382. 385. 



