TEGUMENT ARY ORGANS. 



4-73 



as in the sound leg. When he divided the 

 trunk of the lumbar nerves below the spinal 

 ganglia the skin became gradually pale, its 

 pigment cells diminishing to mere points ; the 

 structures softened ; the liver and kidney no 

 longer secreted ; while dropsical effusions, 

 containing the elements of the bile and uric 

 acid, at the same time took place. The blood 

 corpuscles also gradually disappeared. The 

 vessels of the spinal cord and of its mem- 

 branes became very much distended with 

 blood. When the lower portion of the sym- 

 pathetic cord on either side was removed, the 

 blood-vessels of the hind leg and pelvic organs 

 became highly congested ; the contractility of 

 the muscular tissue in the legs and in the 

 pelvic organs disappeared. Blood was ex- 

 travasated into the bladder and rectum, secre- 

 tion of urine ceased, and dropsical effusions 

 took place The circumstance that section of 

 sensory nerves is followed by derangement in 

 the nutritive processes much more quickly 

 than similar lesions of motor nerves is also ex- 

 plained by Volkmann as due to the fact of 

 the former containing a comparatively larger 

 number of fine or sympathetic fibres. 



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1838, 4to. C. Krause, Synopsis Icon, illus. Nervo- 

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(./. Drummond.) 



TEGUMENTARY ORGANS. In en- 

 deavouring to deal with so large a subject as 

 the tegumentary organs of animals, within the 

 limits of an article like the present, it ap- 

 peared advisable not to attempt to enter into 

 minuting of detail (which indeed fall more 

 properly within the province of those who 

 treat of the special classes), but so far as pos- 

 sible to regard these organs as a system in the 

 sense of Bichat as a sort of zoological class 

 whose members, the tegumentary organs of 

 particular animals, are but special modifica- 

 tions of one general plan. In reflecting how 

 this might best be done, however, I was met 

 at the outset by certain difficulties and per- 



