830 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Opponent minimi digiti muscle, ii. 521. 



relations and uses, ii 521. 

 pollicis, s. flexor ossis metacarpi muscle, ii. 519. 



relations and uses, ii. .020. 

 OPTIC NERVES, ii. 185, 186; iii. 707. 762. 785. 

 descriptive anatomy, iii. 762. 

 apparent origin, iii. 762. 

 tractus opticus, iii. 7G2. 

 chiasma, iii. 7ti2. 

 optic nerve proper, iii. 762. 

 first stage, iii. 7(12. 

 second stage, iii. 762. 



communication with other nerves, iii. 763. 

 organisation, iii. 763. 

 real origin, iii. 763. 



evidence derived from comparative anat my, 



iii. 704. 

 Fish, iii. 764. 

 Reptiles, iii. 7(14. 

 Birds, iii. 764. 

 in Man the optic nerves derive some roots 



from the tubercula quadrigcmina, iii. 765. 

 the tubeicula quadngemina probably fulfil 

 other purposes besides that of affording origin 

 to the optic nerves, iii. 766. 

 the human optic nerve probably derives roots 



from the o|>t:c thalamus, iii. 7ti6. 

 corpora geniculata: their relation to the optic 



nerves, iii. 768. 

 tuber cincreum : its relation to the optic nerves, 



iii. 768. 

 commissure of, iii, 595. 676 ; iv. 1446. 



peripheral expansion of the, iii. 596. 

 of the cbiasma of the optic nerves, iii. 7u8. 

 in Invertebrata, iii. 769. 

 Osseous Fish, iii. 769. 

 Cartilaginous Fish, iii. 769. 

 Birds, iii. 7f9. 



Amphibia and Reptiles, iii. 769. 

 Mammalia and Man, iii. 769. 

 use of the chiasma, iii. 771. 



some remarkable varii ties ol optin nerves, iii. 774. 

 optic nerves in certain Ophalopods, iii. 774. 

 optic nerves of the compound eyes of Insects, iji. 



775. 



plaited optic nerves, iii. 776. 

 optic nerves in cydops monsters, iii. 777. 

 general development of the optic nerves in the higher 



classes ol'nnimalii, iii. 777. 

 Fish, iii. 777. 

 liirds, iii 777. 

 Mammalia, iii. 777. 

 functions of the optic nerves, iii. 778. 



the optic nerves when present are essential to 



vision, iii. 77><. 



in those animals which possess special optic nerves 

 tbe h'lth pair are totally inadequate to support 

 vision, iii. 778. 

 absence of proof that the fifth pair is absolutely 



essential to sight, iii. 778. 

 ordinary tactile sensibility, iii. 780. 

 effects of stimulants, iii. 780. 

 excito-motory properties, iii. 781. 

 radiated or sympathetic sensations, iii. 782. 

 Optic pore of optic nerve, iii. 186. 192. 

 thalami, iii 675. 700. 

 corpus geniculatum externum, iii. 700. 

 internum, iii. 700. 

 fibres, iii. 700. 



commissures, iii. "00. 

 sections, iii. 701. 

 structure, iii. 700. 



functions of the optic thalami, iii. 722 M. 



the optic thalami the centre of sensation, iii. 



722 M, 723 B. 

 tracts, iii. 67:3. 762 



Optical principles governing the construction of micro- 

 scopes, iii. 331. See MICROSCOPE. 

 Optuittal surfaces, iv. 1440. 

 Optameter of Dr. l'ortertield,i v. 1441. 

 Orbicular, or annular, ligament, iv. 229. 



nerves, iv. 547. 



Oibiciilaris palpehrarum muscle, iii. 80, 81. 211. 221. 

 tendon ol the, iii. 81. 

 action, ii. 221. 

 relations, ii. 221. 

 uses of the, iii. 82. 

 See also FACE. 



or sphincter oris muscle, ii. 223. 

 relations, ii. 223. 

 actions, ii. 224. 

 CrbirtilHs s. circukis ciliaris, ciliary circle of choroid coat, 



ii. 1*0. 



Oiuu T, iii. 782. 

 bones, iii. 7S2. 



angles, iii 7? 3. 



superior and external, iii. 783. 

 superior and internal, iii. 7*3. 

 inferior and external, iii. 783. 

 inferior and internal, iii. 783. 

 base or oil cu inference, iii. 783. 



ORBIT continued. 



dissection of the orbit, iii. 783. 

 periosteum, iii. 783. 

 lachrymal gland, iii. 784. 

 fourth nerve, iii. 784. 

 frontal nerve, iii. 784. 

 lachrymal nerve, iii. 784. 

 muscles, iii. 784. 



levator palpebra; superioris, iii. 784. 

 rectus superior, iii. 784. 

 obliquus superior, iii. 785. 

 third nerve, iii. 785. 

 nasal nerve, iii. 785. 

 lenticular ganglion, iii. 785. 

 optic nerve, iii. 785. 

 ophthalmic artery, iii. 785. 

 lachrymal artery, iii. 786. 

 central artery 01 the retina, iii. 786. 

 supra-orbital artery, iii. 786. 

 ciliary arteries, iii. 786. 

 muscular branches, iii. 786. 

 ethmoidal arteries, iii. 786. 

 palpebral arteries, iii. 786. 

 nasal arteries, iii. 786, 

 frontal arteries, iii. 786. 

 ophthalmic vein, iii. 786. 

 sixth nerve, iii. 787. 



inferior division of the third nerve, iii. 787. 

 recti muscles, external, inferior, and internal, iii. 



787. 



inferior oblique muscle, iii. 787. 

 orbital portion of the superior maxillary nerve, iii. 



787. 



temporal branch, iii. 787. 

 malar branch, iii. 788. 



" tunica vagmalis " of Mr. O'Ferrall, iii. 788. 

 action of the muscles of the orbit, iii. 7B8. 

 of the levator palpebra?, iii. 788. 

 recli, iii. 788. 

 obliqui, iii. 789. 



consensual movements of the two eyes, iii. 791. 

 ad ipt.it H in of the eye to distances, iii. 792. See also 



VISION. 



Otbital foramina, i. 730, 731. 

 nerve, i. 749 ; iii. 787. 

 process, i. 730, 731 ; ii. 211. 

 or external, surface of lachrymal hone, ii. 212. 

 or superior, surface of malar bone, ii. 211. 

 or anterior superior, border of malar bone, ii. 211. 

 surface of the superior maxillary bone, ii. 208. 



borders, ii. 208. 



Or&z'fo-palpebral muscle, ii. 222. 

 Ore/its morio, mode of origin and early development of the 



embryo in, s. 250. 

 Ore/lit is, iv. 1004. 

 acute, iv. 1004. 

 chronic, iv. 1006. 

 syphilitic, iv. 1008. 

 ORGANIC ANALYSIS, iii. 792. 



I. Proximate analysis, iii. 793. 

 manipulation, iii. 793. 

 reagents, &c., iii. 793. 

 desiccation, iii. 793. 

 incineration, iii 794. 

 filtration, iii. 795. 

 decantation, iii. 795. 

 A. Analysis of animal fluids, iii. 795. 



1. for the organic constituents, iii. 795. 



qualitative analysis, iii. 795. 

 fibrin, iii. 795. 

 albumen, iii. 795. 



fatty matters and cholesterin, iii. 79S. 

 sugar, iii. 796. 

 urea, iii. 796. 



uric acid and the urates, iii. 7C6. 

 quantitativejanalysis, iii. 79->. 

 process, iii. 796. 



special consideration of the different 

 animal principles, iii. 797. 



fibrin, iii. 7'J7. 



fatty matters, serolin and butyrin, 

 iii. 798. 



albumen, iii. 798. 



casein, iii. 798. 



urea, iii. 799. 



sugar, iii. 799. 



uric acid, iii. 800. 



urobenzoicor hippuric acid, iii. 800. 



lactic acid, iii. 8dO. 



oxalic acid, iii. 800. 



2. for the inorganic constituents, iii. 801. 



qualitative analysis, iii. 801. 



quantitative analysis, iii. 802. 



carbonic, phosphoric, and hydrochloric acid. 



iii. 802. 



sulphuric and phosphoric, iii. S03. 

 iouine, fluorine, and sulphur, iii. 803. 

 bases, iii. 803. 



potash, soda, ammonia, iii. 804. 



iron, lime, magnesia, lead, iii. 804. 

 cupper, in. 805. 





