92 



PANCREAS. 



form; they are two in number, ample, conical, 

 and recurved, projecting back from the duo- 

 denum at its very commencement, so as to 

 give it a barbed or arrow-head appearance, as 

 seen in the drawing (fig. 65.). The stomach 

 in this fish is very small, and the duodenum 



Pyloric cceca of the Turbot. 



a, oesophagus ; b, stomach ; c, intestine. (Drawn 

 one-third the natural diameter.) 



very large, and the food probably passes into 

 the intestine with but little delay. The caeca in 

 this case must be considered an exception to 

 the rule I have above laid down, that they are 

 never filled with the contents of the alimentary 

 canal ; for in the specimen I examined they 

 were completely stuffed with taeniae, with 

 which also the intestine was filled. 



Fig. 66. 



Pyloric cceca of the Sprat (Clupcea sprattus). 



a, oesophagus ; b, stomach ; c, intestine. (Na- 

 tural size.) 



In the Sprat, the pyloric casca are nine in 

 number, long, slender, and simple ^ee fig. 



66.) : the upper five unite together at their 

 bases, and open into the duodenum, close to 

 the pylorus by one orifice ; the last four open 

 separately, each by its own orifice, in linear 

 series along the duodenum. 



In the Gadidce, as in the whiting (fig. 67.), 

 the caeca are arranged in the form of a ring, 



Fig. 67. 



Alimentary canal of the Whiting (Merlangus vul- 

 garis), showing the pile of caeca around the pylorus. 

 (One half the natural diameter.) 



constituting a frill around the intestine, and 

 consits of four bunches, each containing about 

 thirty caeca. These unite and re-unite till they 

 terminate, each bunch, in a single duct ; so 

 that there are finally four orifices, so placed 

 as to fall on two converging sides of a triangle, 

 of which the orifice of the hepatic duct would 

 form the apex. As each bunch contains 

 thirty caeca, there are a hundred and twenty 



Fig. 68. 



One of the four bunches of pyloric appendages of the 

 Whiting, isolated; showing their union and reunion 

 till at h'nijlli they end in a single tube. 



