774 



GENERAL INDKX. 



Earthworm continued. 



organs of circulation in, i. (>'>o. 

 organs and mode of progression of the, iii. 411. 

 Earthy concretions in the pituitary body, iii. 703. 

 degeneration of the arteries in old age, i. '231. 



of the laryngeal cartilages, iii. 121. 

 particles of bones, absorption of, i. 444. 

 salts of bone, i. 437- 

 in various animals, i. 437, 438. 

 Earwigs (Forficulida 1 ), ii. 863. 



mode of flight of the, iii. 421. 

 Ecchynwsis, cause of, i. 422. 515. 



subconjunctival, iii. 85. 

 Echidna, a genus of Monotremata, iii. 367. 

 species of, iii. 367. 



characters of the genus, iii. 307. See MONOTREMATA. 

 generative system of, ii. 409. 

 organs and mode of locomotion of the, iii. 440. 

 Echidna hystrix, described, iii. 367, et seq. See MONOTRE- 

 MATA. 



pelvis of (he, s. 161. 

 structure of the spines of the, s.,498. 

 structure of the ovum in, s. [91.] 



setosa, described, iii. 367, et stq. See MONOTREMATA. 

 Echimys, or porcupine rat of Azara, anatomy of the, iv. 



372, et seq. 



Echinococcus, a genus of Kntozoa, ii. 117- See ENTOZOA. 

 digestive organs of tbe, s. 295. 

 mode of reproduction of, s. 25. 

 liominis, ii. 118. 



an entozoon found in the brain, iii. 720 E. 

 mode of reproduction of, s. 26. 

 ECHINODERMATA (a class of Invertebrate Animals), i. 109; 



ii. 30. 



systematic arrangement of the class, ii. 30. 

 digestive organs, ii. 36. 

 in Asterias, ii. 2(5. 

 in Kchini, ii. 38. 

 in Holothurix, ii. 39. 

 generation, organs of, ii. 44. 409 ; s. 297. 

 in Asterias, ii. 45. 

 in Kchini, ii. 45. 

 in Holothuriae, ii. 45. 

 ova of, s. [125.] 



mode of reproduction of, s. 14. 

 spermatozoa in Echinodermata, iv. 498. 

 motion, organs of, ii. 34 ; iii. 440. 

 in Asterias, ii. 34. 

 in Echini, ii, 35. 

 in Holothuria 1 , ii. 36. 

 muscular system of the, iii. 537. 

 nervous system, ii. 44 ; iii. 602. 

 in Asterias, ii. 44. 

 in Echini, ii. 44. 

 in llolothuria?, ii. 44. 



regeneration of lost parts in Asterias, ii. 45. 

 respiratory organs, ii. 40. 

 in Asterias, ii. 41). 

 in Echini, ii. 41. 

 in Holothuria;, ii. 41, 



tegumentary system, ii. 31 ; iv. 569 ; s. 485. 

 in Asterias, ii, 31. 

 in Echini, ii. 32. 

 in Holothuiife, ii. 33. 

 vascular system, i. 653; ii. 41. 

 in Asterias, ii. 41. 

 in Echini, ii. 43. 

 in Holothuria?, ii. 43. 

 list of Echinodermata possessing the property of lumi- 



nousness, iii. 198. 

 Echinorhynchus gigas, a species of Entozoa hominis, ii. 



127. 



digestive organs of, iii. 133. 



muscular and tegumrntary system of, ii. 127, 128, 129. 

 generative organs of, ii. 139." 

 Echinus, ii. 31. 



alimentary canal of the, s. 297. 

 cilia in, i. 615. 617. See CILIA. 

 ova of, s. [125.] 



nervous filaments not found in the, iii. 602. 

 muscles of the, iii. 537. 

 lamina of shell of, iv. 5G7, 568. 

 See ECHINODERMATA. 

 Echinus esculentiis, i. 109. 

 description of, i. 617. 



ciliary motion in, i. 617. 

 uses, i. 017. See CILIA. 

 Echoes, phenomena of, ii. 5(56. 



Ectocaipns siliquosus, mode of reproduction of the, s. 214. 

 Ectopia cordis, or malposition of the heart, iv 43. 949. 

 congenital, ii. 630. 

 as a consequence of disease, ii . 635 

 of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, iv. 949. 

 EDENTATA (a group of Mammiferous Animals), ii. 46. 

 osseous system, ii. 48. 



anterior extremity, ii. 50. 

 cranium, ii. 48. 

 pelvis, ii. 50. 



posterior extremity, ii. 50. 

 vertebral column, ii. 49. 

 Edentata proper, ii. 51. 



circulation, organs of, ii. 54, 



EDENTATA cuntinurd. 



digestive organs, ii. 53; s. 302. 

 tegumentary system, ii. 54. 

 thyimis gland of, iv. 1097. 

 salivary glands of liuminantia, iv. 433. 

 Eel (Anguilla acutirostris), vasa vasorum of, iv. 13. 82. 

 caudal venous heart of, iv. 1383. 

 brain of, iii. 764. 

 respiration of, iii. 985. 

 Efferent ducts of epidiiiymis, iv. 979. 

 functions of nerves, iii. 720 I. 

 nervous fibres, iii. 646. 

 Effusions into sub-arachnoid and arachnoid cavities, iii. 



716. 



of serum, iii. 716. 

 of blood, iii. 717. 



into spinal cord, iii, 715. 

 of pus, iii. 717. 

 Egagropiles, or hair-balls, in the intestines of the lower 



animals, iv. 84. 



Egesta and ingesta, s. 382. See Food. 

 ^Kg. See OVUM. 



white of. See ALBUMEN. 



nutritive properties of, ii. 13. See Fuod. 



of viviparous animals, nature of the, ii. 434. See 



GENERATION ; OVUM. 

 of insects, ii. 869. 



Egg-shell, formation of the membrane of, iii. 748. 

 Egypt, ophthalmia of, iii. 86. 

 Egyptians, ancient and modern, physical characters of the, 



iv. 1357. 



/i/<T-diick, velocity of the, in flight, iii. 429. 

 Eighth pair of nerves, iii. 684. See GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL ; 



PAR VAOUM; SPINAL ACCESSORY. 



Ejnculatorsem\n\& muscle, iii. 9^9. See Accclcratorcs urina;. 

 Ejneulaturi/ duct, calculi in the, iv. 86. 

 Elaine, i. 59. 



Elasmotheriiim, the. See PACHYDERMATA. 

 Elastic fibrous organs, yellow. See FIUROUS Tissue. 

 ligament, i. 251. 

 tissue, iv. 512. 



formation of adventitious, iv. 141. 

 ELASTICITY, ii. 55. 



I general remarks, laws, &c., of elasticity, ii. 56. 



elasticity and contractility compared, ii. 56, 57. 

 See CONTRACTILITY. 



II. tissues of the body, in the order of their elasticity, 



ii. 58. 



1. yellow fibrous tissue, ii. 58. 



2. cartilage, ii. 58. 



3. fibro-cartilage, ii. 58. 



4. skin, ii. 59. 



5. cellular tissue, ii. 59. 

 (i. muscle, ii. 59. 



7. bone, ii. 59. 



8. mucous membrane, ii. 59. 



9. serous membrane, ii. 60. 



10. nervous matter, ii. 60. 



11. fibrous membrane, ii. 60. 



III. instances in which elasticity plays an important 



part in the mechanism of organised beings, 

 ii. 60. 



1. in the protection of the body and its parts, 



ii. 60. 



2. as a substitute for muscular contraction, ii. 61. 



3. as preserving the patulous condition of certain 



outlets, ii. 61. 



4. as subservient to locomotion or movement ge- 



nerally, ii. 61. 



5. as a means of dividing or transferring muscular 



force, ii. 62. 



6. as a means of converting occasional or inter- 



mitting into continued forces, ii. 62. 

 Elasticity of arteries, i. 224. 



Elater noctilucus, or click-beetle, or West-Indian fire- 

 beetle, ii. 861. 



Elatcridee, a family of Insects, ii. 861. 

 ELBOW, ARTICULATION OF THE, ii. 65. 

 bones, ii. 65. 

 ligaments, ii. 66. 

 motions, ii. 67. 



extension, ii. 67. 

 flexion and semiflexion, ii. 67. 

 lateral motion, ii. 67. 



Elbow-joint, abnormal conditions of the, ii. 67. 

 1. Accidents, ii. Us. 



simple fractures, ii. 68. 



of the humcrtis and its condyles, ii. 68. 

 of the ulna, ii. 69. 

 of the olecranon, ii. 69. 

 luxations, ii. 69. 



of both bones of the fore-arm backwards, ii. 69. 

 of the bones of the fore-arm laterally, ii. 71. 

 backwards and outwards, ii. 72. 

 backwards and inwards, ii. 72. 

 of the ulna alone directly backwards, ii. 72. 

 of the upper extremity of the radius from the 



humerus and ulna, ii. 72. 

 of the radius at the elbow-joint forwards, 



ii. 73. 



of the radius alone laterally, ii. 73. 

 of the radius alone backwards, ii. 74. 



