CHAPTER III. 
THE DOG'S SKULL. 
The Mammalian Skull may conveniently be 
divided into a cranial and facial portion: the former 
consisting of. the brain-case, or cranium proper, and 
the auditory bulla; the facial portion being composed 
of those parts in front of or below the orbits, in- 
‘cluding the jaws and olfactory capsules. 
THE CRANIUM. 
The bones of the cranium proper are grouped in 
three segments or rings, viz., (i) the oceipital, 
(ii) the parietal, and (iii) the frontal segments. 
a. The occipital segment consists of three 
cartilage bones, which in old animals may 
fuse together inseparably. 
i. The basi-oceipital is a median flat 
bone, bounded anteriorly by the basi- 
sphenoid, laterally by the right and 
left auditory bulla, and posteriorly by 
the inferior margin of the foramen 
magnum. 
ii. The ex-oecipitals form the lateral 
boundaries of the foramen magnum, 
