x GENERAL DIRECTIONS 



dissected the structures called for, then it is obvious that you cannot draw them accurately. 

 Poor laboratory work invariably reflects itself in the quality of the drawings. 



6. Drawings must contain all of the details mentioned in the manual. If, after honest 

 effort and with the aid of the laboratory assistants, you are unable to identify certain structures, 

 omit them from the drawing and make a note to the effect that you were unable to find them. 

 An unreasonable amount of time should not be spent in locating small or unimportant details. 



7. All drawings must be thoroughly labeled. Every drawing must be completely labeled 

 regardless of whether the same structures have already been labeled in some preceding draw- 

 ing. Labels are to be written or printed in hard pencil parallel to the top and bottom edges of 

 the page and lines drawn with a ruler from the labels to the parts indicated. 



8. Draw on the right-hand surface of the page only. 



9. Remember that the laboratory instructors are familiar with all of the figures in the 

 various textbooks and that undue resemblance between your drawings and such figures will 

 reflect upon your honesty and raise a suspicion that you have not been exerting yourself in the 

 laboratory. 



10. The drawings will be called in at intervals. The dates on which they are due will be 

 announced in advance by the laboratory instructors. 



Notes and Quizzes 



1. No notes are required in this course. The notebooks will consist of drawings only. 



2. Oral and written quizzes upon the subject-matter of the laboratory work are to be 

 expected at any time. These quizzes will deal with the anatomy of the animals you are dissect- 

 ing and with comparative anatomy. You will be expected to know thoroughly the animals 

 and materials which you dissect and study in the laboratory, and to be able to compare them 

 with one another, stating resemblances and differences. You will be required to exhibit your 

 dissections and to be able to identify the structures present on the dissections. 



3. An important quiz will follow the completion of each section of the laboratory work 

 and will deal with that section. 



4. Reading in the textbooks of comparative anatomy is expected as a part of the labora- 

 tory work. Quizzes will include material in such textbooks. 



Dissection 



1. Dissection does not consist in cutting an animal to pieces. Dissection consists in 

 separating the parts of an animal so that they are more clearly visible, leaving the parts as 

 intact as practicable. 



2. In dissecting an animal very little cutting is required. Cleaning away the connective 

 tissue which binds together and conceals structures is the chief process in dissection. In 

 doing this, use blunt instruments, as the probe, forceps, or fingers. Avoid the use of scalpel 

 and scissors. You will probably cut something you will need later on. In short, do not cut; 

 separate the parts. 



3. Have the animal firmly fastened. Smaller animals are generally pinned to wax- 

 bottomed dissecting pans. Larger animals, such as are used in the greater part of this course, 

 are tied to screw eyes in the corners of the dissecting pan. Put the particular part you are 

 dissecting on a stretch. 



4. Do your own dissecting. Do not watch somebody else do it. Begin at the most 

 easily accessible point of the system you are studying and follow out your structure, cleaning 

 away the tissues that conceal it. 



5. Exercise patience and care. Clean the structures by small portions. 



