xiv LIST OF WOODCUTS. 



FIG. PAGE 



27. Raja nasuta. Principal branches of the fifth, seventh, and 



eighth nerves . . 75 



28. Raja balls. The auditory organ 8 1 



29. Gadus morrkua. Side view of a disarticulated skull ... 92 



30. The superficial muscles and nerves 104 



31. The alimentary canal 108 



32. The vascular system 117 



33. The auditory organ 123 



34. The brain 125 



35. Lacerta agilis. Longitudinal section of the skull 137 



36. The columellj. auris 142 



37. The chondrc cranium, from above 144 



(Lacerta viridis. \ ^ 

 fy T ... Outline oi the head in the three species, 



38. \ Lacerta aeihs. . . . 



. . showing the epidermic scales .... ICC 

 V Zootoca mmpara . ) 



39. Lacerta viridis. Muscles of the trunk, ventral aspect ... 157 



40. Dissection from the ventral aspect, showing the alimen- 



tary canal and vascular system 1 60 



41. Urinogenital organs (male) 166 



42. Urinogenital organs (female) 167 



43. The heart, dorsal aspect 172 



44. The aortic arches 173 



45. The brain 177 



46. Columba lima. Sacrum of a young individual 187 



47. Skull of a young individual 189 



48. The columella auris 195 



49. Manus of a young individual 203 



50. Pelvis of a young individual 204 



51. Tarso-metatarsus of an unhatched embryo 207 



52. Urinogenital organs (male) 228 



53. Urinogenital organs (female) 230 



54. The circulatory system 232 



55. The cloaca 236 



56. The heart, from th^dorsal aspect 241 



57. The lungs and syrinx 245 



58. The brain 255 



59. Dissections of the brain 259 



60. Lepus cuniculus. Part of the alimentary canal with the 



portal system and bile-ducts 301 



61. The vascular system 309 



62. Urinogenital organs (male and female), from the side . 317 



