44 ZOOTOMY. 



72. The peritoneum, a shining pigmented membrane 

 lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera : from 

 it is secreted the larger or smaller quantity of peritoneal 

 fluid contained in the cavity. 



73. The large, soft, trilobed liver, attached by a broad 

 base at the anterior part of the abdominal cavity, to the 

 hinder boundary of which its lobes extend ; in colour it 

 varies from light brown to dark olive green. 



74. The stomach, largely concealed by the middle and 

 left lobes of the liver, and passing towards the posterior side 

 of the abdominal cavity, where it becomes narrowed and 

 bent upon itself in a U shape. 



75. The intestine, partly hidden by the right lobe of 

 the liver ; it is wider than the stomach and marked 

 externally with a spiral groove. 



76. The cloaca (Figs. 18 and 19, d), connected with the 

 posterior end of the intestine and situated quite in the 

 posterior part of the cavity : it is much larger in the female 

 than in the male. To bring it clearly into view it is advis- 

 able to remove carefully the median portion of the pelvic 

 girdle. 



77. The spleen, a dark red lobulated body, situated 

 between the limbs of the U-shaped stomach. 



78. The pancreas, a firm whitish gland, consisting of two 

 lobes, a large dorsal lobe, closely applied to the left side of 

 the intestine and connected by a bridge of gland substance 

 with the small ventral lobe, which lies to the ventral side 

 of the junction between stomach and intestine. 



79. In adult specimens, more or less of the testes (Fig. 

 18, /) (in the male) or of the ovaries (Fig. 19, oz>) and 

 oviducts (pd) (in the female) will be seen without dis- 

 turbing the other organs, at the sides of the abdominal 

 cavity, on the dorsal side of (beneath in their present 



