CONTENTS 



Preface v 



INTRODUCTION 1 



I. On the Meaning and Scope of Comparative Anatomy 1 



II. Development and Structural Plan of the Vertebrate Body ... 2 



III. Classified List of the Principal Vertebrate Groups 14 



IV. Table showing the Gradual Development of the Vertebrata in 



Time 16 



SPECIAL PART. 



A. INTEGUMENT 17 



of Amphioxus 17 



of Fishes 18 



of Amphibians 20 



of Reptiles 23 



of Birds 25 



of Mammals 28 



Mammary Glands 34 



B. SKELETON 39 



1. EXOSKELETON 39 



2. ENDOSKELETON 44 



I. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 45 



of Fishes 48 



of Amphibians 54 



of Reptiles 57 



of Birds 59 



of Mammals . . 60 



II. 'RIBS 63 



of Fishes 63 



of Amphibians 66 



of Reptiles 67 



of Birds .... 69 



of Mammals 69 



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