414 The History of Ichthyology 



In Spain and Portugal the chief work of local authors is 

 that of J. V. B. Bocage and F. de Brito Capello on the fishes of 

 Portugal. So far as the fishes of Spain are concerned, the most 

 valuable memoir is Steindachner's account of his travels in 

 Spain and Portugal. The principal studies of the Balkan region 

 have also been made by Steindachner. Jose Gogorza y Gon- 

 zalez, of the Museum of Madrid, has given a list of the fishes 

 of the Philippines. A still more elaborate list, praiseworthy as 

 a beginning, is the work of the Reverend Padre Casto de 

 Elera, professor of Natural History in the Dominican College 

 of Santo Tomas in Manila. 



In Holland, the chief great works have been those of Schlegel 

 and Pieter van Bleeker. Professor H. Schlegel, of the University 

 of Leyden, described the fishes collected about Nagasaki by 

 Ph. Fr. de Siebold and Burger. His work on fishes forms a 

 large folio illustrated by colored plates, a volume of the " Fauna 

 Japonica," published in Leyden from 1843 to 1847. SchlegePs 

 work in every field is characterized by scrupulous care and 

 healthful conservatism, and the "Fauna Japonica" is a most 

 useful monument to his rare powers of discrimination. 



Pieter von Bleeker (1819-78), a surgeon in the Dutch 

 West Indies, is the most voluminous writer in ichthyology. 

 He began his work in Java without previous training and in a 

 very rich field where almost everything was new. With many 

 mistakes at first he rose to the front by sheer force of industry 

 and patience, and his later work, while showing much of the 

 "personal equation," is still thoroughly admirable. At his 

 death he was engaged in the publication of a magnificent folio 

 work, "Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlan- 

 daises," illustrated by colored plates. This work remains 

 about two-thirds completed. The writings of Dr. Bleeker 

 constitute the chief source of our knowledge of the fauna of the 

 East Indies. 



Dr. Van Lidth de Jeude, of the University of Leyden, is 

 the author of a few descriptive papers on fishes. 



To Belgium we may assign part at least of the work of 

 the eminent Belgian naturalist, George Albert Boulenger, now 

 long connected with the British Museum. His various valu- 

 able papers on the fishes of the Congo are published under the 



