44^ APPENDIX. 



4. The duodenum or first part of the small intestine leaves the 

 stomach at its right side craniad and makes a U bend> the head of 

 which is directed caudad; it then turns toward the middle line dorsad 

 of the remaining part of the small intestine. 



5. The great omentum is a thin fold of peritoneum with many 

 bands of fat. It passes like a curtain from the great curvature of 

 the stomach ventrad of the coils of the small intestine (ileum). It is 

 tucked beneath the mass of coils at the sides and caudally, and folds 

 of it extend between the individual coils. Turn it craniad and note 



6. The numerous coils of the third part of the small intestine or 

 ileum. Turn these to one side and note 



7. The connection of the ileum with the duodenum across the 

 middle line. An indefinite part of the intestine between the ileum 

 and duodenum is called the jejunum, because in man it is found 

 empty after death. 



8. The passage of the ileum into the side of the large intestine 

 which begins on the right side just caudad of the loops of the 

 duodenum. The first part of the large intestine is the colon. It 

 may be traced first toward the head (ascending colon), then sinistro- 

 caudad (transverse colon) and then caudad (descending colon). The 

 descending colon returns to the middle line and the large intestine 

 then continues to the anus as the rectum. 



The blind pouch of the colon which lies caudad of the opening 

 of the ileum is the caecum. 



9. Turn the duodenum toward the left and note the pancreas, 

 a light red, elongated organ which stretches along the greater curva- 

 ture of the stomach and thence between the two lines of the duodenal 

 U to its bottom. 



10. The spleen, parallel to the gastric portion of the pancreas. 

 It is deep red (darker than the pancreas and not so brown as the 

 liver) and is held against the great curvature of the stomach by a part 

 of the great omentum. 



11. The kidneys, close against the dorsal body wall and in con- 

 tact with the caudal part of the liver. 



12. The bladder, in the median line at the caudal end of the 

 cavity, held in place by the suspensory ligament, which passes to the 

 midventral line, and by the lateral ligaments. 



13. The mesenteric glands, large grayish-red glands one to four 

 centimeters long, more numerous in the mesocolon. 



14. In the female, lying against the ventral surface of the rectum, 

 the uterus. It divides into two horns which diverge. Near the end 

 of each horn the ovary. 



15. The peritoneum. Study and understand the description of 

 it (p. 218). Dissect some of it free from the body wall. (Trace the 

 folds by aid of a diagram and model.) 



B. In the thoracic cavity: 



i. The lungs. Each is divided into lobes, three on the left, four 

 on the right. The caudal right lobe pushes the mediastium toward 



