loo . THE MUSCLES. 



The four following muscles lie partly or entirely beneath 

 those already described ; they are doubtless formed as differen- 

 tiations of the inner layers of the platysma. 



M. auricularis superior (or attollens auris) (Fig. 63, k). 

 This muscle forms a band about one centimeter broad lying 

 just beneath the levator longus {g). 



Origin on the sagittal crest for about one centimeter craniad 

 of the interparietal bone. The muscle passes laterad onto the 

 surface of the auricle and is inserted into the auricular cartilage 

 a little caudad of the middle of its convex surface. At its 

 lateral end the cranial margin is closely united to the under 

 surface of the levator auris longus (g). 



Relations. Outer surface at the medial end with the epi- 

 cranius (//), the abductor auris longus (;), and levator auris 

 longus (g); at the lateral end with the skin. Inner surface 

 with the temporal muscle (;/) and the auricular cartilage. 



Action. Pulls the external ear dorsad. 



M. abductor auris longus (Fig. 63, /; Fig. 64, q). (Part 

 of the auricularis posterior of man.) 



Origin on the sagittal crest dorsad of the interparietal bone, 

 caudad of that of the auricularis superior (k), which it partly 

 covers. 



The muscle passes laterad as a flat band 8 to 10 millimeters 

 wide over the caudal surface of the concha of the ear, and is 

 inserted (Fig. 64, q] on the lateral surface of the eminentia 

 conchae, caudad of the antitragus. 



Relations. Outer surface with the levator auris longus (g) 

 and the integument. Inner surface with the auricularis superior 

 (/), the abductor auris brevis (/), and the concha. 



Action. Pulls the external ear caudad. 



M. abductor auris brevis (Fig. 63, /). 



Origin by a tendon from the lambdoidal crest for one or 

 two centimeters laterad of the middle. 



The muscle passes lateroventrad lying beneath the abductor 

 longus (in) as a flat band 6 to 8 millimeters wide which is 

 inserted into the medial surface of the most proximal portion 

 of the concha, just distad of- its junction with the cartilaginous 

 auditory meatus. 



