MUSCLES OF THE BODY. 133 



Insertion by a strong tendon into the medial part of the 

 lambdoidal crest. 



Relations. Outer surface with the splenius (Fig. 73, b} and 

 at the caudal end with the longissimus dorsi (Fig. 69, /"). 

 Inner surface with the spinalis dorsi (Fig. 69, g), the semi- 

 spinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, f), and the rectus capitis posterior 

 major (Fig. 71, a). Medial edge with the muscle of the oppo- 

 site side; lateral edge with the complexus (Fig. 69, &}. 



Action. Raises the snout. 



M. complexus (Fig. 69, ) (lateral portion of M. semi- 

 spinalis cervicis et capitis). The complexus is closely asso- 

 ciated with the biventer cervicis (a) and lies on its lateral side 

 beneath the splenius (Fig. 73, ^). 



Origin by tendinous bands from the anterior articular 

 processes of the last five or six cervical and the first one, two, 

 or three thoracic vertebrae. The same bands give origin 

 externally to the fibres of the longissimus capitis (Fig. 69, e], 

 and internally to those of deeper muscles of the neck. The 

 six or more muscular slips continued from these tendons unite 

 to form a flat band, the 



Insertion of which is by a flat tendon into the medial third 

 of the lambdoidal crest some distance ventrad of the free edge 

 of the crest. Near the insertion the lateral border of the 

 muscle is connected by an aponeurotic band to the lateral 

 border of the transverse process of the atlas. 



Relations. Outer surface at the dorsal border with the 

 biventer cervicis (Fig. 69, a) ; at the middle with the splenius 

 (Fig- 73, ); at the ventral border with the longissimus capitis 

 (Fig. 69, e) and the longissimus dorsi (Fig. 69, /"). Inner 

 surface with the cervical portion of the spinalis dorsi, with the 

 semispinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, c], the obliquus capitis inferior 

 (Fig. 71, #), the rectus capitis posterior major (Fig. 71, a), and 

 the obliquus superior (Fig. 71, e). 



Action. Raises the head. 



M. spinalis dorsi extends into the cervical region ; it has 

 been described. 



M. semispinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, c). This represents 

 that portion of the multifidus spinae which extends into the 



