PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS. 445 



this point and reflect its proximal portion. Turn aside the distal 

 end and find beneath it the transverse aponeurosis between the vastus 

 medial is and the vastus lateralis, and covering the vastus intermedius. 

 The vastus lateralis (Fig. 90, d] may be cut near the middle and 

 dissected up from its origin in both directions; the vastus intermedius 

 is thus exposed. The vastus medialis (Fig. 92, c] and the vastus 

 intermedius need not be cut. 



24. The gastrocnemius (p. 203, and Fig. 90, m; Fig. 91, /). 

 It may be raised cautiously near its middle and divided. Care 

 should be taken not to divide the underlying plantaris (Fig. 90, /). 

 After noting the connection of the outer head with the plantaris, the 

 latter may be divided and reflected, together with the outer head. 



25. The plantaris (p. 205, and Figs. 90 and 91, /). 



26. The flexor brevis digitorum (p. 212). In tracing its tendon 

 note the three branches of the common plantar ligament which 

 emerges from between the second and third tendons. The outer 

 branch is inserted into the fascia covering the base of the fifth digit, 

 while the other two spread out into the bilobed pad of the sole. 



27. The soleus (p. 205, and Fig. 90, o). Cut and reflect. 



28. The popliteus (p. 206, and Fig. 92, K). Cut very near the 

 origin and reflect. 



The three following deep muscles on the ventral surface of the 

 shank are covered by the deep crural fascia (p. 206) which separates 

 them from the overlying muscles. It should be removed. 



29. The flexor longus hallucis (p. 207, and Fig. 91, m). Divide 

 the muscle at its junction with the tendon. Open the canals on the 

 astragalus and calcaneus and reflect the tendon, cutting the tendon 

 of the flexor longus digitorum near its insertion and dividing at the 

 middle the quadratus plantae (p. 213) which may be found inserted 

 into its ventral surface. 



30. Flexor longus digitorum (p. 208, and Fig. 91, ). This 

 may be divided very near its origin. 



31. Tibialis posterior (p. 208, and Fig. 91, o). This may be 

 divided near its tendon. 



32. Peroneus longus (p. 209, and Fig. 90, q). The overlying 

 tendons may be cut in tracing its insertion. 



33. Peroneu? brevis (p. 210, and Fig. 90, s). 



34. Peroneus tertius (p. 210, and Fig. 90, r). 



35. Extensor longus digitorum (p. 210, and Fig. 90, />). 



36. Tibialis anterior (p. 211, and Fig. 90, ). 



37. The extensor brevis digitorum (p. 212, and Fig. 90, ). 



38. The quadratus plantae (p. 213). It was cut in dissecting the 

 flexor longus hallucis. 



39. The lumbricales (p. 213). 



40. The interossei (with the muscles of the fifth digit) (p. 214). 



41. The tarsal muscles (p. 215). The overlying ligaments must 

 be removed in order to expose the scaphocuneiform. 



