THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 99 



Action. Pulls the angle of the eye caudad; at the same 

 time pulls the external ear craniad. 



M. frontoauricularis. A few of the fibres which are 

 attached along the upper eyelid sometimes pass dorsocaudad, 

 mingled with fibres of the corrugatores supercilii medialis and 

 lateralis and the frontoscutularis, to the craniomedial angle of 

 the auricular cartilage, where they unite with the fibres of the 

 adductor auris superior. These fibres are sometimes distin- 

 guished as the frontoauricularis muscle. 



M. levator auris longus (Fig. 63, g and g'}. (Part of the 

 auricularis posterior of man.) This lies on the caudal half of 

 the dorsal surface of the head, forming a laterocaudal continua- 

 tion of the intermedius scutulorum (a). 



Origin from the middle line of the neck dorsad of the atlas, 

 and from the sagittal crest for about one centimeter craniad of 

 the external occipital tubercle. The fibres form a broad thin 

 sheet which passes craniolaterad as far as the caudal end of the 

 scutiform cartilage (i). Here the muscle divides; the major 

 portion is attached to the scutiform cartilage (i), its fibres 

 intermingling with those of the intermedius scutulorum (a). 

 The caudal portion of the muscle (g'} passes onto the surface 

 of the auricle, extending one or two centimeters distad; here 

 it is inserted on an oblique line which lies directly craniad of 

 the insertion of the transversus auriculae (z). 



The caudal portion of this muscle (g'~) having origin above 

 the atlas and insertion on the auricle, is sometimes considered 

 a separate muscle, the supercervicoauricular or cervicoauric- 

 ular. The cranial portion (g) with origin on the sagittal crest 

 and insertion on the scutiform cartilage might be distinguished 

 as the occipitoscutularis. 



The levator auris longus is continuous at its cranial end 

 medially with M. epicranius (Ji)\ laterally with M. intermedius 

 scutulorum (a). 



Relations. Outer surface with the integument. Inner 

 surface with the temporal muscle (), the auricularis superior 

 (/), the abductor longus auris (;), a narrow strand of the 

 platysma, and the clavotrapezius. 



Action. Pulls the external ear dorsocaudad. 



