THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 105 



described in connection with the account of the Auditory 

 Organ. 



Owing to the presence of the fibrous pad to which the 

 whiskers are attached, the facial muscles between the eye and 

 the mouth differ in the cat in some respects from those of 

 related animals. This fibrous pad interrupts the muscles, fre- 

 quently breaking muscles which are elsewhere single into two. 



M. zygomaticus minor, or malaris (Fig. 64, e). This 

 muscle is not always present ; \vhen it exists it forms a very thin 

 flat band of fibres passing from the ventral side of the eye 

 toward the angle of the mouth. 



Origin among the fibres of the orbicularis oculi (s) in the 

 lower eyelid. The fibres pass ventrad; the insertion varies. 

 In some specimens the insertion is among the fibres of the 

 orbicularis oris (z), at the angle of the mouth, beneath the 

 zygomaticus (d\ In other cases this muscle is said to be 

 inserted into the pad on which the whiskers rest. 



Relations. Outer surface with the integument and near its 

 insertion with the zygomaticus major (</). Inner surface with 

 the malar bone and the masseter muscle. 



Action. Pulls the angle of the mouth (or the whiskers) 

 dorsad. 



M. orbicularis oris (Fig. 64, /'). This forms a very thin 

 layer of subcutaneous concentric fibres which surround the 

 mouth, that of the upper lip being thicker than that of the 

 lower lip. The part of the muscle in the lower lip has its 

 fibres intermingled with those of the platysma (#'). In the 

 median line the fibres of the upper lip are interrupted by a 

 raphe, and caudad of this are intermingled with those of the 

 caninus. 



M. quadratus labii superioris (Fig. 63, / and q; Fig. 64, 

 /"and g]. This is a complex of muscle-fibres attached chiefly 

 to the fibrous pad on which the whiskers rest. In it two parts 

 can be distinguished more or less completely. 



(0 M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (Fig. 63, /; 

 Fig. 64, g] on the sides of the nose. This arises (a) as a con- 

 tinuation of the frontal portion of the epicranius, and (b} in a 



