Historical 3 



(1553) recorded interesting and accurate observations on the earth- 

 worm and lugworm, and on their habits. This is the first definite 

 mention of the lugworm, which Beloii named Lumbricus marinus in 

 contradistinction to the earthworm (L. terrestris). 



The work of Eondeletius (1554, 1555) surpasses that of any 

 previous writer. Evidently a keen observer, especially of marine 

 animals, Eondeletius described, and gave good woodcuts of, two kinds 

 of Scolopendrae marinae, Hirudo marina, Vermis microrynclioteros and 

 Vermis macrorynchoteros [two Sipimculids], Vermes in tiibulis delites- 

 centes [Serpulids] and Penicillus marinus [a Sabellid]. 1 In a further 

 paragraph on marine worms 2 " I)e vennibus stagni marini " he 

 gave a short account of " Lumbrici stagni," and in another place 3 

 referred to Lumbricus marinus as being similar to Lumbricus terrenus. 

 His figures are, in most cases, faithful representations and were 

 freely copied by Gesner, Aldrovandus and others. Eondeletius 

 added notes on the use in medicine of some of the worms. Gesner's 

 treatise (1558) 4 is, at any rate as regards the articles on worms, a 

 compilation from the works of previous writers, especially Belon and 

 Eondeletius. 



Some of the later authors above mentioned, for example, Eonde- 

 letius, without proposing any systematic classification of animals, so 

 arranged those which they described as to indicate the possession 

 of some idea of their affinities. One of the earliest classifications 

 in which worms are included is the tabular statement of the 

 subdivisions of " Insects " given by Aldrovandus at the beginning 

 of his treatise "De Aniuialibus Insectis "(1602). In this Table 



" Insects " are divided into " Terrestria " and " Aquatica," and 

 each of these is again divided, according to the presence or 

 absence of feet. Among the Terrestria without feet are Lumbricus 

 terrestris and worms found in man and animals ; among the 

 " Aquatica Pedata " are Scolopendra marina and " Vermes in tubulis 

 delitescentes " [Serpulids] ; in the subdivision " Aquatica apoda " are 

 Seta aquatica [Gordius], Hirudo paludosa and marina, Lumbricus 

 marinus, Vermis macrorinclwteros and Vermis microrinchoteros 



[Sipimculids described by Eondeletius]. Liber VI " De Vermibus " 

 of the treatise of Aldrovandus deals with the Terrestria Apoda, 

 including Lumbricus terrestris and parasitic worms, but does not 



1 Univ. Aquatil. Hist., pars altera, Lugduni (1555), Liber de Insect, et 

 Zooph., pp. 108-111. 



2 Op. cit., p. 145. 



3 Libri de Piscibus Marinis, Lugduni (1554), p. 399. 



* Hist. Anim., Liber iiii, Tiguri (1558), pp. 503, 513, 597, 818, 1226, 1227. 



B 2 



