Arenicola marina 91 



Willughby (in Eay's Hist. Insect.) was the first to enter into 

 detail regarding its external characters, such as the inequality of 

 the rings, the number of "cirri" [notopodia], the presence of a 

 tail and anus. The only internal organs which had been mentioned 

 by previous writers were the "proboscis" and the intestine. 

 Willughby saw the hearts and probably the two series of nephridia, 

 which he called black testes, and the stomach, with its peculiar 

 marking into oval areas, which, however, he mistook for a uterus. 



Linnaeus recorded and figured Lumbricus marinus in the account 

 of his journey through West Gothland (1747), and introduced the 

 name of this worm into the next (sixth) edition of the " Systema " 

 (1748) ; but, probably owing to a misprint, the specific name was 

 given as maximus. In the tenth and twelfth editions of the 

 " Systema " the worm was named Lumbricus marinus ; thus Belon's 

 name for the lugworm, which had been in use for two centuries, 

 received the imprimatur of Linnaeus. The generic name has 

 necessarily been changed, and the specific name was, for a time, 

 eclipsed by piscatorum, but, being subsequently restored, it remains 

 as a nexus with the earliest mention of this worm in zoological 

 literature. 



Dicquemare (1779) published a general description of the 

 external features and colours of the " Ver du Havre," which also 

 included a short account of the gut. He mentioned the extensive 

 use of this worm for bait, and that it was even an object of 

 commerce, being gathered in Basse Normandie and taken to Havre 

 for sale. 



Otto Fabricius (1780) gave a clear description of Lumbricus 

 papillosus, evidently the common lugworm (see p. 93), in which he 

 referred to the short, foliate, retractile, trifid rostrum [the prostomium], 

 the proboscis, the groove [ventral groove] along the abdomen, the 

 nineteen bundles of setae, protrusible and movable in various 

 directions, and the occurrence behind each bundle, except the first 

 six, of a- soft brownish branched cirrus [gill]. The subdivision of 

 the segments into annuli, the presence of a cuticle, the sandy 

 contents of the intestine, the burrows and the spiral castings were 

 also noted. 



In 1801 Lamarck founded the genus Arenicola for the lugworm 

 (p. 31), but, instead of retaining the specific name which had been 

 so long in use, he re-named it Arenicola piscatorum, a designation 

 which was adopted for the lugworm by all subsequent writers, with 

 two exceptions, until 1868. The two exceptions were Templeton 



