Vlll CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



An extinct Animal recognized by its Tooth : how came this to be 

 possible ? The Task of Classification. Artificial and natural 

 Methods. Linnaeus, and his Baptism of the Animal Kingdom : 

 his Scheme of Classification. What is there underlying all 

 true Classification ? The chief Groups. What is a Species ? 

 Restatement of the Question respecting the Fixity or Variability 

 of Species. The two Hypotheses. Illustration drawn from the 

 Romance Languages. Caution to Disputants Page 86 



CHAPTER V. 



Talking in Beetles. Identity of Egyptian Animals with those now 

 existing : Does this prove Fixity of Species ? Examination of 

 the celebrated Argument of Species not having altered in four 

 thousand Years. Impossibility of distinguishing Species from 

 Varieties. The Affinities of Animals. New Facts proving the 

 Fertility of Hybrids. The Hare and the Rabbit contrasted. 

 Doubts respecting the Development Hypothesis. On Hypoth- 

 esis in Natural History. Pliny, and his Notion on the Forma- 

 tion of Pearls. Are Pearls owing to a Disease of the Oyster ? 

 Formation of the Shell; Origin of Pearls. How the Chinese 

 manufacture Pearls 107 



CHAPTER VI. 



Every Organism a Colony. What is a Paradox ? An Organ is 

 an independent Individual and a dependent one. A Branch 

 of Coral. A Colony of Polypes. The Siphonophora. Uni- 

 versal Dependence. Youthful Aspirings. Our Interest in the 

 Youth of great Men. Genius and Labor. Cuvier's College 

 Life ; his Appearance in Youth ; his Arrival in Paris. Cuvier 

 and Geoffrey St.Hilaire. Causes of Cuvier's Success. One of 

 his early Ambitions. M. le Baron. Omnia vindt labor. Con- 

 clusion 128 



