102 ANIMAL ECOLOGY 



1902-1903. Beitrage zur Faunistik und Biologic der Orthop- 

 teren Algeriens und Tunesiens. Zool. Jahrb. Ab- 

 teilung f. Syst. Geog. u. Biol. der Tiere, Bd. XVI, 

 pp. 337-404 ; Bd. XVII, pp. 1-98. 



3. Animal Behavior as a Process 



"The actual method of work is to first watch the organism 

 under its natural environment, until one finds out all things it 

 does. Then the environment is changed a little, to see what 

 difference this makes in the behavior. We thus try all sorts of 

 different ways of getting the animal to change its behavior, 

 including the application of definite chemical and physical 

 reagents of most varied character. . . . We thus try to find the 

 organism's system of behavior and the things that influence it, 

 becoming acquainted with the creature as we might get acquainted 

 with a person with whom we are thrown much in contact." 



H. S. JENNINGS (1910). 



"My object being the study of the correlative instincts 

 of the young and adult in relation to all that could be learned 

 about them in a natural environment, I have followed my usual 

 custom of going out to the birds, instead of taking them into the 

 laboratory. The facts which the laboratory can be made to 

 yield are invaluable, but they belong to a different class from 

 those for which we are now mainly in search, behavior under the 

 usual or normal conditions." F. H. HERRICK (1910). 



"As will be seen, these studies include both field and labora- 

 tory work, especially of the American species, and I have made 

 the field work emphatic wherever at all practicable. I have 

 elsewhere (1909, p. 157) [Jour. Exp. Zool., Vol. VII] emphasized 

 the crying need for larger attention to this phase of experimental 

 work, believing that in many cases it is all but impossible to 

 secure trustworthy results as to behavior of animals where the 

 work has been done under such unusual, unnatural and artificial 

 conditions as most laboratory provisions afford. What right 



