132 ANIMAL ECOLOGY 



terbanke, ihre physikalischen und biologischen 

 Lebensvershaltnisse. Sitzungsber. d. Kgl. preuss. 

 Akad. d. Wiss. zu Berlin, Jhrg. 1893, I, pp. 67-92. 

 The physical and biological relations of the Schleswig- 

 Holstein oyster bank as a social community are 

 carefully described. The animals associated are 

 listed (in all about 100 kinds, p. 80) and their relation 

 to the oyster is shown. 



FORBES, S. A. 



1909. The General Entomological Ecology of the Indian 

 Corn Plant. Amer. Nat., Vol. XLHI, pp. 286-301. 



ESPINAS, ALFRED. 



1878. Des Societes Animales. Second Edition, pp. 588. 



Paris. 



Discusses associations of different species parasites, 

 commensals, mutuals, domestic animals; asso- 

 ciations of the same species and related through 

 nutrition the colonial forms, as corals ; associa- 

 tions based upon reproduction the family ; and 

 associations based upon relation as in a horde. 

 Contains an extensive historical introduction. 

 Valuable, although somewhat old. 



PETRUCCI, R. 



1906. Origine Polyphyletique, Homotypie, et Non Com- 

 parabilite directe des Societes Animales. LTnst. 

 de Sociologie (Solvay). Notes et Memoires, Fasci- 

 cule 7. pp. 126. Bruxelles. 



The multiple or independent origin of "social" life 

 in diverse lines of descent is emphasized and viewed 

 from the comparative and phylogenetic standpoint. 



WAXWEILER, E. 



1906. Esquisse d'une Sociologie. L'Inst. de Sociologie 

 (Solvay). Notes et Memoires, Fascicule 2. pp.306. 

 Bruxelles. 

 A very important survey of sociology as a branch of 



