410 



TELEOSTE1 



only, and are supplemented by two extensible lung-like air-sacs, backward 

 prolongations of the branchial chamber. 

 Amphipnous, Mull. ; E. Indies. 



AAV 



5 * ****' 



.11 V 



Fie. 40-5. 

 Symbranchus bengalensi*, M'Cl., ami upper teeth. (After Day, Fishes o////<'i<<.) 



Series 4. 



Sub-Order 4. G AST EROST El FORMES (Catosteomi, Hemibranchii, 

 Lophobranchii). 



This sub-order is an assemblage of fish for the most part highly 

 specialised, which were first brought together by A. S. Woodward. 

 The Flute-mouths (Fistulariidae) and Sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae), 

 which Cope had already united in the group Hemibranchii, and the 



d. 



sc. 



br. pop.iop. scf) 



FIG. 40ti. 



Skull and pectoral girdle atGasterottetugpinaekla. an, angular ; ar, articular ; a.so, anterior 

 suborbital ; br, branchiostegal ; cl, cleithnim ; co, coracoid ; d, dentary ; d.c, dermal coracoid 

 plate ; d.f, dorsal fin spine ; d.pl, dorsal dermal plate ; fr, frontal ; 1. pi, lateral dermal plate ; 

 mx, maxilla ; n, nasal ; no, nostril ; op, opercular ; pa, parietal ; pmx, premaxilla ; pop, pre- 

 opercular; prf, prefrontal ; p&t, post-temporal ; ptf, postfrontal ; ptn, pterotic ; q, quadrat*- ; 

 r, radial of pectoral fin ; so, scapula ; so./, scapular foramen ; so, suborbital ; soc, supraoccipital ; 

 sop, subopercular ; st, supratemporal. 



Pipe-Fishes (Lophobranchii of Cuvier), have been shown to be 

 related (A. S. Woodward [505], Swinnerton [431], Starks [419], 

 Gill [164]). 



The snout becomes greatly produced by the elongation of the 

 region between the orbit and the mouth ; the nostrils remain near 



