456 TELEOSTEI 



Percophis, C. and V. ; coast of Brazil. Bleekeria, Gthr., and Embo- 

 lichthys, J. and E., Indo-Pacific, are perhaps of this family. 



Family LEPTOSCOPIDAE. Like the foregoing, but without subocular 

 lamina. 



Leptoscopus, Gill. (Fig. 478) ; Bembrops, Std. ; Parapercis, Std. ; 

 Neopercis, Olg. ; Chimarrhichthys, Sauv. ; Pleuragramma, Blgr. Southern 

 hemisphere. 



Family NOTOTHEXIIDAE. Like the Trachinidae ; but without sub- 

 ocular shelf, and sometimes with a scapular foramen (Trematomus} ; the 

 scales, also, are ctenoid, though they may disappear, as well as the 

 spinous dorsal. The pelvic fins are wide apart, and the nostril is 

 usually single. 



Notothenia, Rich. ; Acanthaphritis, Gthr. ; Cliaenichthys, Rich. ; Cryo- 

 draco, Dollo ; Bovichthys, C. and V. ; Gymnodraco, Blgr. ; Gerlachia, 

 Dollo ; Bathydraco, Gthr. ; Racovitzia, Dollo ; Trematomus, Blgr. 

 Southern seas. 



FIG. 478. 

 Leptoscopus macropygus, Rich. (After Giinther.) 



Family URANOSCOPIDAE. Like the Trachinidae ; but the foramen 

 is in the scapula, and the reduced radials are fused to the scapula and 

 coracoid. The head is much modified, very broad, with the eyes on the 

 top, a very short snout, and an almost vertical mouth. The spinous 

 dorsal may be lost, also the scales. 



Uranoscopus, L. ; Anema, Gthr. ; Ariscopus, J. and S. ; Kathetostoma, 

 Gthr. Mediterranean and tropical seas. 



SUB-TRIPE B. The subocular shelf is absent, and the suborbital 

 arch generally not ossified. The entopterygoid, the eye-muscle canal, 

 and the epipleurals are lost. 



Family CALLIONYMIDAE. Scaleless marine fish with a protractile 

 mouth, widely separated pelvic fins with a spine and five soft dermotrichs, 

 and a separate spinous dorsal. The vertebrae are few, the two last are 

 enlarged, and many neural spines are bifid. The forked post -temporal 

 is fixed to the skull. A fenestra is present between the scapula and 

 coracoid, and the three broad radials rest on the latter. The gill-opening 

 is reduced to a small aperture above the operculum. The sexual colora- 

 tion of the male is often very vivid. 



Callionymus, L., the Dragon et ; widely distributed. Vulsus, Gthr., 

 Celebes. 



Family GOBIESOCIDAE : The Cling-Fishes, are scaleless and spineless, 

 with a protractile mouth and simple post-temporal. The ventral 



