FISHES. 205 



bb. No teeth on the vomer ; anal spines 1 or 2 ; lateral 

 line usually running up on the caudal fin. 



aa. Edges of opercular bones entire. 

 /. Scales well developed, not enlarged along lateral line ; 

 chin often with barbels ; no free spines. 



Scicmidce, the Maigres. 



ff. Scales minute ; no barbels. 



g. Body more or less compressed and elevated ; scales 



sometimes enlarged along lateral liJIe; usually 



2 free anal spines. Carangidce, the Pilot Fishes. 



gg. Body long and low; no free spines nor lateral 



shields ..... Gobiidce, the Gobies. 



ft Body entirely scaleless. 



h. Body more or less depressed ; eyes high up on the broad 



head ; caudal usually rounded. 



i. Dorsal with 4 spines ; ventrals jugular I, 5 ; mouth 

 vertical. . . Urarwscopida, the Star Grazers. 

 u. Dorsal with 3 spines; ventrals jugular I, 2; mouth 

 broad, with conical teeth. 



Satrachidce, the Toad Fishes. 



Hi. Dorsal spines 6 or more ; ventrals thoracic ; cheeks 

 mailed (i. e., the sub -orbital bone extending back- 

 ward over the cheek, articulating with the pre- 

 opercle). 



Spinous dorsal shortest, its middle rays highest ; 



head without barbels. . . COTTIIXE, 95. 



Spinous dorsal longest, notched, its first rays highest ; 



head with many fleshy slips. 



Hemitripteridce, the Sea Ravens. 



hh. Body greatly compressed; the eyes lateral or anterior; 

 fins often filamentous ; tail usually slender, the caudal 

 fin widely forked. 



j. A series of bony shields along base of second dorsal. 



Zenidce, the John Dories. 

 jj. No bony shields ; usually two free anal spines. 



Carangidce, the Pilot Fishes 



