494 



INDEX 



Solenodontidae, 282 



SOLLAS, coral-boring at Funafuti, 321 



" Sonoran " region, 196 



Sonorella, 206 



Sorex, tundrensis, 92 ; glacialis, 

 92 ; pribilofensis, 92 



South America, northern animals in, 

 235 ; climate and fauna, 336, 337 ; 

 past geography, 338345, 359, 360 ; 

 faunistic affinities of, 344 350 ; 

 affinity with European Tertiary 

 fauna, 355 ; relationship with 

 Madagascar, 375 ; affinity with 

 Africa, 368383 



South Orkney islands, 433 



South - Western States, 196 ; as 

 original home of eastern forms, 

 197 ; gradual desiccation of, 200 

 204 ; affinity with Europe, 205231. 



Sparassodonta, 373 



SPEIGHT, geology of mid - Pacific 

 islands, 327 



Spelerpes, age of genus, 172, 221, 246; 

 in Antilles, 281 ; in South America, 

 347; orizabensis, 137; leprosus,137; 

 chiropterus, 137 ; fuscus, 138, 221; 

 infuscatus, 281 



SPENCER, pre-Glacial elevation of land, 

 14, 15 ; drainage of Great Lakes 

 in pre-Glacial times, 54 ; elevation 

 and submergence of Florida, 169, 

 170 ; Cuban cave fossils, 285 ; West 

 Indian land-bridge, 286 ; Antillean 

 continent, 293 



Spermophiltis (see Citellus). 



SPETHMANN, land-bridge between 

 Europe and Greenland, 18 



Sphaeroniscus, 190 



Spherilloninae, 320 



Sphingidae, 117 



Spider, silk, in Bermuda, 190, 191; 

 spiders of Central America, 258 ; 

 of St. Helena, 388, 389 



Spinus, 56 



STANDFUSS, affinities of Vanessa, 91 



STAFF, arctic grasses found in Argen- 

 tina, 416 



Staten island, 429 



STEARNS, on Galapagos islands, 291 ; 

 accidental dispersal, 300, 306 ; mol- 

 lusca of Galapagos, 305 



STEBBING, on Cambaroides, 218 



Steiromys, 71, 403 



STEJNEGER, on origin of reindeer, 5 ; 

 range of ptarmigan, 62 ; land- 

 bridge between Asia and North 

 America, 83 ; distribution of Cin- 

 clus, 113 ; distribution of ground- 

 lizard, 124 ; on Tropidonotus, 129 ; 

 discoglossoid toads, 204 ; Antillean 

 reptiles and amphibia, 288 



Stenamma westwoodi, 215 



Stenogyridae, 192 



STEWART, botany of Galapagos, 315, 

 316 



St. Helena, fauna, affinities of, 386 

 391 ; flora, 391, 392 



STJCHEL and EIFFARTH, on Heli- 

 coniidae, 368 



Stilauchenia, 406 



STIMPSON, Mysit relicta in Lake 

 Michigan, 48 



STOLL, mites of Guatemala, 257, 258 



Stomion, 413 



STRAND, distribution of arctic spiders, 

 21 



STREBEL, on Orthalicinae, 270 



Streptaxidae , 348 



Strobilops labyrinthica, 31 



StrobUus, 272 



Strophocheilus , 362 



Struthio, 374 



Sturgeon, shovel-nosed, 88 



Stygicola dentatus, 290 



Subulina, 272, 380 



Succinea, in Galapagos, 306, 308 ; in 

 St. Helena, 390 ; groenlandica, 21, 

 24 ; bermudensis, 192, 193 ; barba- 

 densis, 192 



" Suckers," 89 



SUESS, ancient land " Laurentia," 26 ; 

 absence of land-connection with 

 Asia in Pliocene times, 84 ; great 

 Pliocene subsidence of land, 195 ; 

 Cape Begion of California, 199 ; 

 north Atlantic land-bridge, 229, 

 231 ; distinctness of Central 

 America from North and South, 237, 

 261 ; Antillean mountain system, 

 263 ; permanence of ocean basins, 

 276, 387 ; Galapagos islands a con- 

 tinuation of American mountain 



