INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 329 



Mean Annual Death Rates per 1,000 Males of Different Occupations in 

 England and Wales, 1900-02 



among the makers of matches, and many other industries take a 

 high toll of their operatives as is shown by Oliver in his Diseases 

 of Occupation and in his Dangerous Trades. 



Other bad effects are due not so much to the occupation itself 

 as to other circumstances associated with it, such as poor ventila- 

 tion, dust, liability to contagion, and incitement to intemperance 

 as is evinced by the high mortality of innkeepers and tavern 

 keepers in England. Undoubtedly one of the chief factors in 

 mortality is remuneration. Upon this depends the character of 

 the lodging occupied, the quality of food, proper medical atten- 

 dance during illness and many other advantages of a more in- 

 direct kind. Other things equal, in industry, the poorer the pay 

 the higher the death rate, although it is of course only a part of 

 the truth to say that the high death rate is because of the poor 

 pay. 



