370 THE TREND OF THE RACE 



hundred thousand of the population. In 1890 the insane in 

 hospitals were 74,028, or 118.2 per hundred thousand. In 1904 

 the insane in hospitals had increased to 150,151, or 183.6 per 

 hundred thousand, and in 1910 they had further increased to 

 187,791, or 204.2 per hundred thousand. 



In the census enumerations for 1880 and 1890 an effort was 

 made to ascertain the number of insane not in hospitals. In 

 1880 the number was estimated at 51,017, or 101.7 P er hundred 

 thousand. The census estimate of 1880 made use of cases re- 

 ported by physicians who returned about 17 per cent of the cases 

 in addition to those discovered by the census officials. This 

 source of information was not made use of in any subsequent 

 census, and this fact accounts in part for the reduced number of 

 cases outside of hospitals appearing in the census report for 1890. 



Before 1880 there were no separate enumerations of the insane 

 in hospitals and outside, but general estimates were made of the 

 total number. The numbers per hundred thousand of the popula- 

 tion were in 1850, 57.3; in 1860, 76.5; and in 1870, 97.1. 



The proportions of mentally deranged persons reported in 

 England and Wales per hundred thousand of the population are 

 shown in the following table: 



Number of Insane per 100,000 in England and Wales 



1859 186. 7 1904347 . i 



1869239.3 1905350.9 



1879275.4 1906353.1 



1889296.5 1907354.8 



1899 329.6 1908 366.7 



In New Zealand the proportions per hundred thousand were 

 reported as follows: 



1886 265 . o 1901 344 . 7 



1891 278.2 1906 354.1 



1896311.3 



Ireland shows an increase from 250 per hundred thousand in 

 1875 to 499 per hundred thousand in 1903, while in Scotland the 



