GENETICS AND BREEDING 175 



tion operate economically precisely like a monop- 

 oly. As such a plan of developing the live-stock 

 industry of a country grows, the more difficult 

 does it become for a new creation of the breeder to 

 get a foothold. If it is new, it is by definition not 

 "pure-bred," because if it were "pure-bred," it 

 must belong to one or another of the established 

 breeds. But anything not "pure-bred" has no 

 recognized standing, or market value. Without 

 regard to the merits of the individual the mere 

 fact of pedigree registration adds a definite and 

 not inconsiderable amount to the monetary value 

 of an animal. In last analysis this fact is to-day 

 one of the strongest arguments which can be made 

 to the farmer in favor of keeping "pure-bred" 

 animals. 



What has just been said is not intended in any 

 way to criticize, or belittle the importance and 

 value of the " pure-bred "registry system of develop- 

 ing the live-stock industry of the world. I merely 

 wish to point out that when he adopted the 

 system, the animal breeder took upon himself along 

 with the advantages certain very real restrictions 

 to the freedom of his breeding operations, which the 

 plant breeder has escaped. The animal-breeding 

 industry of the world has developed as a sys- 

 tem of pedigreed aristocracy. The plant-breed- 

 ing industry is developing as a democracy. The 

 "social position" of a horse or a cow is primarily 

 determined on the basis of whether it had a grand- 



