OLIVE-GREEN AND BROWN SEAWEEDS 65 



E. siliculosus. Tufts loosely entangled at the base, free and feathery 

 above, of indefinite length ; spores in pod-like forms at the ends of the 

 branches. Common on the larger algae and on wharves. 



E. viridis. Tufts a little more loose and expanding than in E. silicu- 

 losus; spores in pods at the base of the branches. (Plate IX.) 



E. tomentosus. Fine filaments, densely interwoven into rope-like, 

 spongy masses, two to four inches long; yellowish-brown; pods on stalks. 

 Found in summer growing on F-ucus. 



ORDER SPHACELARIACEJE 



GENUS Sphacelaria 



S. cirrhosa. Olive-brown; branched, feathery filaments, one half of 

 an inch to two inches long. Each branch ends with an oblong, swollen cell 

 containing a dark granular mass which gives it a withered appearance. 

 These cells can be seen with a strong pocket-lens. It forms dense, globe- 

 like tufts on Fucus. 



S. radicans. Filaments one half of an inch to one inch high ; branches 

 few and hairy. It forms a dense, grass-like covering, of indefinite extent, 

 on the under side of muddy rocks. Found on the New England coast. 



GENUS Cladostephus 



C. verticillatus. Fronds bristle-like, dividing regularly; covered 

 with whorls of branchlets set close to the stems, each whorl overlapping 

 the previous one, giving the plant a spongy appearance. (Plate IX.) 



ORDER RALFSIACEJE 

 GENUS Malfsia 



The species of this genus are brown, leathery, crustaceous 

 expansions of indefinite form, one inch to six inches in diameter, 

 resembling lichens. They appear on rocks in shallow, exposed 

 pools. 



ORDER ENCKELIACEJE 



GENUS Punctaria 



Dotted-weeds. Fronds pale olive-green, membranaceous, leaf- 

 like, with short stem ; covered with spores which appear like dots. 



J*. latifolia. Frond pale green, four to twelve inches long, one inch to 

 five inches wide, leaf -like, and tapering suddenly to a short stalk; much 

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