STARFISHES 211 



A. miniata. Pentagonal; somewhat raised in center; about one 

 and a half inches across ; edges sharp. Found on the California coast 

 close to shore. (Plate LIU.) 



ORDER CRYPTOZONIA 



FAMILY SOLASTEKIDJE 



GENUS Solaster 



8. endeca. Dark red in color ; nine to eleven arms, which are shorter 

 than the breadth of the disk ; diameter of disk about five inches ; two 

 rows of ambulacra ; surface rather smooth. Common on the coast of 

 Maine, and found from Cape Cod to Newfoundland below low-water 

 mark. 



S. decemradiata. This species is common on the North Pacific 

 coast. It has ten arms, which are about twice the length of the diameter 

 of the body, the whole body being about a foot across. (Plate LIU.) 



GENUS Crossaster 



C. papposiis. Twelve to fifteen arms, half as long as the breadth 

 of the body; upper surface an open network of calcareous rods, or 

 ossicles; at their points of union are club-shaped tubercles bearing 

 tufts of smaller spines ; concentric lines and spots of red and purple 

 over the spiny upper surface ; color light underneath. Common on the 

 New England coast. (Plate LIII.) 



FAMILY ECHINASTEEIDJE 



GENUS Cribrella 



C. sanguinolenta. This species is abundant north of Cape Cod and 

 is found of all sizes from half an inch to two inches in diameter and of 

 various colors purple, orange, red, yellow, flesh-color, etc. It has five 

 round arms, generally about four times as long as the breadth of the 

 disk. The ends are often turned upward. It is covered with crowded 

 short spines, like little warts, which give it a nearly smooth surface. It has 

 two rows of ambulacra. It moves with two of its arms turned forward, 

 as if they were dragging the other three behind them. Unlike most 

 species, the young are not free-swimming, but the eggs are carried around 

 the mouth of the mother, and the young are retained there until they are 

 capable of taking care of themselves. (Plate LIV.) 



GENUS Echinaster 



E. sentus. This species occurs close to shore in the waters of Florida 

 and is perhaps the most commonly observed species on the beach. It 

 extends as far north as New Jersey. It is purplish in color, and about 

 four and a half inches in diameter, with two rows of ambulacra, five 

 arms, and a surface rough with spines. 



