ANOMALOUS FORMS 271 



spiny armature. The antennae are broad at the base and covered with 

 small spines on the sides and upper surface, and the eye-stalks are also 

 spiny. This crab sometimes attains the size of ten inches across the 

 carapace and a weight of seven pounds, being among the largest crabs 

 known. It is found at the mouth of the Columbia River and along the 

 northwest coast. (Plate LXII.) 



E. foriminatus. This species resembles E. cibarius in the man- 

 ner of closing the feet, forming a compact, box-like, spiny armature. 

 The body is more depressed than that of the latter, and the cone-like 

 elevations on the back are less prominent. The spines are hairy. The 

 characteristic feature of this species is a semicircular cut in the second 

 joints of the chelipeds, directly opposite to similar depressions in the first 

 walking-legs, so that when the feet are folded a round hole is left, 

 through which water flows freely to the gill-openings, which might, with- 

 out these open holes, be obstructed by the close folding of the legs 

 against the carapace. Found off the California coast near San Francisco. 

 (Plate LXII.) 



GENUS Acantholithodes 



A. hispidus. The whole body in this species, including the legs, is 

 covered with hairy spines. The abdomen is broad, and covers about the 

 whole under surface of the body, and is also beset with hairy spines, but 

 they are less prominent than those on the upper side. The rostrum, 

 terminating in spines, reaches to the tips of the eye-stalks, which are 

 also spiny. The chelipeds are larger and longer than the walking-feet j 

 the latter taper to a point, ending in a sharp nail. The shape of the body 

 resembles somewhat that of a toad. This is a deep-water species, but it is 

 sometimes brought ashore at Monterey, California, by fishermen who find 

 it in the stomachs of fishes. 



GENUS Cryptolithodes 



C. sitchensis. The most striking characteristic of this singular spe- 

 cies is the great development of the carapace, which forms a broad, thin 

 shield extending beyond the body and legs, and completely hiding the 

 animal beneath it. The carapace is smooth and uneven, has a high ridge 

 through the center of the anterior part, and the sides are broadly ex- 

 panded and bluntly pointed at the extremity. The rostrum appeal's like 

 a small rectangular piece cut out of the anterior side of the carapace. 

 This species is found in the Strait of Fuca. A similar species, C. typicus, 

 is found near low- water mark on the surf-wa&hed rocks of the beach at 

 Monterey, California. (Plate LXII.) 



GENUS Phyllolithodes 



P. papillosus. The carapace is triangular, about two inches wide at 

 the base, and narrowing to a long, pointed rostrum which terminates in a 

 forked spine. The surface of the carapace is deeply depressed in parts, 

 and forms a heart-shaped figure in the center. The lateral margins have 

 four prominent spines on each side, the two at the posterior ends being 



