246 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



incubating their eggs in their pouches, also displays 

 highly elaborated parental feeling. 1 M. Kisso says that 

 when the young of the pipe-fish are hatched out, the 

 parents show them marked attachment, and that the 

 pouch then serves them as a place of shelter or retreat 

 from danger. 2 



M. Carbonnier has recorded how the male of the curiously 

 grotesque telescope-fish, a variety of Carassius auratus (Linn.), 

 acts as accoucheur to the female. Three males pursued one 

 fen ale which was heavy with spawn, and rolled her like a ball 

 upon the ground for a distance of several metres, and continued 

 this process without rest or relaxation for two days, until the 

 exhausted female, who had been unable to recover her equili- 

 brium for a moment, had at last evacuated all her ova. 3 



That adult fish are capable of feeling affection for one 

 another would seem to be well established : thus Jesse relates 

 how he once captured a female pike (Esox hidus] during the 

 breeding season, and that nothing could drive away the male 

 from the spot at which he had perceived his partner slowly dis- 

 appear, and whom he had followed to the edge of the water. 



Mr. Arderon 4 gave an account of how he tamed a dace, 

 which would lie close to the glass watching its master; and 

 subsequently how he kept two ruffs (Acerina cernua) in an 

 aquarium, where they became very much attached to one 

 another. He gave one away, when the other became so miser- 

 able that it would not eat, and this continued for nearly three 

 weeks. Fearing his remaining fish might die, he sent for its 

 former companion, and on the two meeting they became quite 

 happy again. Jesse gives a similar account of two gold carp. 5 



Anger is strikingly shown by many fish, and notori- 

 ously by sticklebacks when their territory is invaded by a 

 neighbour. These animals display a strange instinct of 

 appropriating to themselves a certain part of the tank in 

 which they may be confined, and furiously attacking any 

 other stickleback which may presume to cross the imagi- 

 nary frontier. Uunder such circumstances of provocation I 

 have seen the whole animal change colour, and, darting at 



1 Kaup, Catal. Lopho. Fish in Brit. Mug. 1856, p. i. 



* Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, 2nd ed. ii. p. 436. 

 Coinpt. Bend., Nov. 4, 1872, p. 1127. 



Phil. Trans. Royal Society, 1747. 



* F. Day, loc. tit. 



