ELEPHANT EMOTIONS. 389 



by wounded elephants. For instance, Sir E. Tennent 



writes : 



Some years ago an elephant which had been wounded by a 

 native, near Hambangtotte, pursued the man into the town, 

 followed him along the street, trampled him to death in the 

 bazaar before a crowd of terrified spectators, and succeeded in 

 making good its retreat to the jungle. 



Many other cases of vindictiveness, more or less well 

 authenticated, may be found mentioned by Broderip, 1 

 Bingley, 2 Mrs. Lee, 3 Swainson, 4 and Watson. 5 This trait 

 of emotional character seems to be more generally present 

 in the elephant than in any other animal, except perhaps 

 the monkey. 



Another emotion strongly developed in the elephant is 

 sympathy. Numberless examples on this head might be 

 adduced, but one or two may suffice. Bishop Huber saw 

 an old elephant fall down from weakness, and another 

 elephant was brought to assist the fallen one to rise. 

 Huber says he was much struck with the almost human 

 expression of surprise, alarm, and sympathy manifested by 

 the second elephant on witnessing the condition of the 

 first. A chain was fastened round the neck and body of 

 the sick animal, which the other was. directed to pull. 

 For a minute or two the healthy elephant pulled strongly ; 

 but on the first groan given by its distressed companion 

 it stopped abruptly, ' turned fiercely round with a loud 

 roar, and with trunk and fore-feet began to loosen the 

 chain from the neck.' 



Again, Sir E. Tennent says : 



The devotion and loyalty which the herd evince to their 

 leader are very remarkable. This is more readily seen in the 

 case of a tusker than any other, because in a herd he is gene- 

 rally the object of the keenest pursuit by the hunters. On such 

 occasions the others do their utmost to protect him from danger : 

 when driven to extremity they place their leader in the centra 



1 Zoological Recreations, p. 315. 



2 Animal Eiograplnj, i , pp. 156-8. 

 8 Anecdotes of Animals, p. 276. 



4 Habits and Instincts of Animals, p. 37. 

 * Reasoning Poivcr of Animals, chap. iv. 



