JACKAL AND DOG. 435 



must appear that this example of collective instinct is due to 

 ' separate expression,' and not to ' inherited habit.' 



Cases of collective instinct are not of unfrequent occurrence 

 among dogs. For the accuracy of the two following I can 

 vouch. A small Skye and a large mongrel were in the habit of 

 hunting hares and rabbits upon their own account, the small 

 dog having a good nose, and the larger one great fleetness. 

 These qualities they combined in the most advantageous 

 manner, the terrier driving the cover towards his fleet-footed 

 companion which was waiting for it outside. 



The second case is remarkable for a display of sly sagacity. 

 A friend of mine in Ross-shire had a small terrier and a large 

 Newfoundland. One day a shepherd called upon him to say 

 that his dogs had been worrying sheep the night before. The 

 gentleman said there must be some mistake, as the Newfound- 

 land had not been unchained. A few days afterwards the 

 shepherd again called with the same complaint, vehemently 

 asserting that he was positive as to the identity of the dogs. 

 Consequently the owner set one watch upon the kennel and 

 another outside the sheep enclosure, directing them (in con- 

 sequenc.3 of what the shepherd had told him) not to interfere 

 with the action of the dogs. After this had been done several 

 nights in succession, the small dog was observed to come at 

 daydawn to the place where the large one was chained; the 

 latter immediately slipped his collar, and the two animals made 

 straight for the sheep. Upon arriving at the enclosure the 

 Newfoundland concealed himself behind a hedge, while the 

 terrier drove the sheep towards his ambush, and the fate of one 

 of them was quickly sealed. When their breakfast was finished 

 the dogs returned home, and the larger one, thrusting his head 

 into his collar, lay down again as though nothing had happened. 

 Why this animal should have chosen to hunt by stratagem 

 prey which it could easily run down, I cannot suggest ; but 

 there can be little doubt that so wise a dog must have had 

 some good reason. 



A similar instance of the display of collective instinct 

 is thus narrated by M. Dureau de la Malle : 



I had at one time two sporting dogs, the one an excellent 

 pointer with a very smooth skin, and of remarkable beauty and 

 intelligence ; the other was a spaniel with long and thick hair, 

 but which had not been taught to point, but only coursed in 

 the woods like a harrier. My chateau is situated on a level 

 spot of ground, opposite to copse wood filled with hares and 



