328 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



tempt if disapproved of, soon becomes the object of attack and 

 persecution. A few dog-fish (Acanthias and Mastelus), three or 

 four feet long, now fell victims to their tyranny, the porpoises 

 seizing them by their tails, and swimming off with and 

 shaking them in a manner scarcely conducive to their comfort 

 or dignified appearance, reminding the spectator of a large dog 

 worrying a rat. . . . On one occasion I witnessed the two 

 Cetacea acting evidently in concert against one of these unwieldy 

 fish (skates), the latter swimming close to the top of the water, 

 and seeking momentary respite from its relentless enemies by 

 lifting its unfortunate caudal appendage high above its surface 

 the peculiar tail of the skate being the object of sport to the 

 porpoises, which seized it in their mouths as a convenient handle 

 whereby to pull the animal about, and worry it incessantly. 



In a subsequent number of ' Nature ' (vol. ix., p. 42) 

 Mr. C. Fox writes : 



Several years ago a herd of porpoises was scattered by a net 

 which I had got made to enclose some of them. . . . The 

 whole ' sculle ' was much alarmed, and two were secured. I 

 conclude that their companions retained a vivid remembrance 

 of the sea-fight, as these Cetacea, although frequent visitants in 

 this harbour (Falmouth) previously, and often watched for, 

 were not seen in it again for two years or more. 



Horse and Ass. 



The horse is not so intelligent ah animal as any of the 

 larger Carnivora, while among herbivorous quadrupeds his 

 sagacity is greatly exceeded by that of the elephant, and in 

 a lesser degree by that of his congener the ass. On the 

 other hand, his intelligence is a grade or two above that 

 of perhaps any ruminant or other herbivorous quadruped. 



The emotional life of this animal is remarkable, in 

 that it appears to admit of undergoing a sudden trans- 

 formation in the hands of the ' horse-tamer.' The cele- 

 brated results obtained by Earey in this connection have 

 since been repeated with more or less success by many 

 persons in various parts of the world, and the ' method ' 

 appears to be in all cases essentially the same. The un- 

 tamed and apparently untamable animal has its fore- 

 leg or legs strapped up, is cast on its side and allowed to 



