332 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



never required to work, but is allowed to live the life of a 

 gentleman, for the following reason. Some years ago the lady 

 above mentioned fell off a plank bridge into a stream "when the 

 water was deep. The horse, which was feeding in a field close 

 by, ran to the spot, and held her up with his teeth till assist- 

 ance arrived, thus probably saving her life. Was this reason 

 or instinct 1 



Mr. Strickland, also writing to 'Nature ' (vol. xix.. 

 p. 410), says : 



A mare here had her first foal when she was ten or twelve 

 years old. She was blind of one eye. The result was, she 

 frequently trod upon the foal or knocked it over when it hap- 

 pened to be on the blind side of her, in consequence of which 

 the foal died when it was three or four months old. The next 

 year she had another foal, and we fully expected the result 

 would be the same. But no ; from the day it was born she 

 never moved in the stall without looking round to see where 

 the foal was, and she never trod upon it or injured it in any 

 way. You see that reason did not teach her that she was killing 

 her first foal ; her care for the second was the result of memory, 

 imagination, and thought after the foal was dead, and before the 

 next one was born. The only difference that I can see between 

 the reasoning power of men and animals is that the latter is 

 applied only to the very limited space of providing for their 

 bodily wants, whereas that of men embraces a vast amount of 

 other objects besides this. 



Houzeau (vol. ii., p. 207) says that the mules used in 

 the tramways at New Orleans prove that they are able to 

 count five ; for they have to make five journeys from one 

 end of the tramway to the other before they are released, 

 and they make four of these journeys without showing 

 that they expect to be released, but bray at the end of 

 the fifth. This observation, however, requires to be con- 

 firmed, for unless carefully made we must suppose that 

 the fact may be due to the mules seeing the ostler wait- 

 ing to take them out. 



Mr. Samuel Groodbehere, solicitor, writes me from 

 Birmingham the following instance as having fallen under 

 his own observation : 



"We had a Welsh cob pony or Galloway about 14 hands 

 high, who was occasionally kept in a shed (in a farmyard), 



