336 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. 



which displays a level of intelligence in this animal sur- 

 passing that which is met with in most Carnivora. 1 

 Livingstone also says : 



It is curious to observe the intelligence of game ; in districts 

 where they are much annoyed by fire-arms they keep out on 

 the most open spots of country they can find, in order to have 

 a widely extended range of vision, and a man armed is carefully 

 shunned. . . . But here, where they are killed by the ai-rows 

 of the Balonda, they select for safety the densest forest, where 

 the arrow cannot be easily shot. 2 



Jesse, who had many opportunities of observing the 

 fact, says: 



I have been much delighted with watching the manner in 

 which some of the old bucks in Bushey Park continue to get the 

 berries from the fine thorn trees there. They will raise them- 

 selves on their hind legs, give a spring, entangle their horns in 

 the lower branches of the tree, give them one or two shakes, 

 and they will then quietly pick them up. 3 



The same author elsewhere says : 



Few things, indeed, can show more forcibly the powerful 

 instinct which is implanted in animals for their self-preservation 

 than the means which they take to avoid danger. I saw an 

 instance of this lately in a stag. It had been turned out before 

 a pack of hounds, and, when somewhat pressed by them, I ob- 

 served it twice to go amongst a flock of sheep, and in both cases 

 to double back, evidently, I should imagine, with the intention 

 of baffling the pursuit of the dogs. It would thus seem that 

 the animal was aware of its being followed by the scent, and 

 not by sight. If this be the case, it affords another proof that 

 animals are possessed of something more than common instinct. 4 



This author also says that he has ' frequently observed 

 the buffalo at the Zoological Farm on Kingston Hill ' 

 display the following proof of intelligence. Being of a 

 ferocious disposition, a strong iron ring was fixed through 

 the septum of his nose, to which a chain about two feet 

 long was attached. At the free end of the chain there 

 was another ring about four inches in diameter. 'In 

 grazing the buffalo must have put his feet on this ring, 



1 Missionary Travels, p. 328. * Ibid., p. 280. 



Gleanings, &c , vol. i., p. 20. 4 Hid., vol. ii., p. 20. 



