BATS. SEALS. 341 



sunshine ; and hence, when she receives from man the aid which 

 is due to her as a domesticated animal, she demands not dirt 

 all the year through, nor any day at all, but shade in summer, 

 shelter in winter, and a clean, dry bed in every season. 



Cheiroptera. 



Mr. Bates says of bats : * The fact of their sucking the 

 blood of persons sleeping is now well established ; but it 

 is only a few persons who are subject to this bloodletting. 

 ... I am inclined to think many different kinds of 

 bats have this propensity' ('Nat. on Amaz.,' p. 91). 

 The particular species of bat, however, which has been 

 most universally accredited with this habit, viz., the vam- 

 pire, is perfectly harmless. 



Mr. Gr. Clark (' A Brief Notice of the Fauna of 

 Mauritius ') gives an account of the intelligence dis- 

 played by a tame bat (Pteropus vulgaris). As soon as its 

 master came into the room, it welcomed him with cries ; 

 and if not at once taken up to be petted, it climbed up 

 his dress, rubbed its head against him, and licked his hands. 

 If Mr. Clark took anything in his hand, the bat would care- 

 fully examine it by sight and smell, and when he sat down 

 the bat would hang upon the back of his chair, following 

 all his movements with its eyes. 



Camivora. 



I shall here run together a few facts relating to the 

 intelligence of carnivorous animals other than those to be 

 considered in subsequent chapters. 



Seals. In their wild state these animals have not 

 much, opportunity for the display of intelligence; but 

 when tamed it is seen that the latter is considerable. 

 They are then affectionate animals, liking to be petted, 

 and showing attachment to their homes. The most 

 remarkable species of the order from a psychological point 

 of view are the so-called Pinnipeds, whose habits during 

 the breeding season are so peculiar that I think it is 

 worth while to quote the best account that has hitherto 



