DOG EMOTIONS. 441 



evidently a conflict going on within him, which told visibly on 

 his outward appearance. At length one morning be crept 

 quietly up to me, and gave me a look which said as plainly as 

 any spoken words could have done, ' I can stand it no longer ; I 

 submit.' And submit he did quite quietly and patiently to 

 one of the roughest ablutions it had ever been his lot to expe- 

 rience ; for by this time he sorely needed it. After it was over 

 he bounded to me with a joyous bark and wag of his tail, saying 

 unmistakably, ' I know all is right now.' He took his place by 

 my side as his right when I went for my walk, and retained 

 from that time his usually glad and joyous expression of coun- 

 tenance. When the period for the next ablution came round 

 the old spirit of obstinacy resumed its sway for a while, but a 

 single look at my averted countenance was sufficient for him, 

 and he again submitted without a murmur. Must there not 

 have been something akin to the reasoning faculty in the breast 

 of an animal who could thus for ten days carry on such a 

 struggle 1 



This strong effect of silent coldness shows that the loss 

 of affectionate regard caused the terrier more suffering 

 than beating, starving, or even the hated bath ; and as 

 many analogous cases might be quoted, I have no hesitation 

 in adducing this one as typical of the craving for affec- 

 tionate regard which is manifested by sensitive dogs. 



In this connection I may point out the remarkable 

 change which has been produced in the domestic dog as 

 compared with wild dogs, with reference to the enduring 

 of pain. A wolf or a fox will sustain the severest kinds of 

 physical suffering without giving utterance to a sound, 

 while a dog will scream when any one accidentally treads 

 upon its toes. This contrast is strikingly analogous to 

 that which obtains between savage and civilised man : 

 the North American Indian, and even the Hindoo, will 

 endure without a moan an amount of physical pain or at 

 least bodily injury which would produce vehement ex- 

 pressions of suffering from a European. And doubtless 

 the explanation is in both cases the same namely, that 

 refinement of life engenders refinement of nervous organi- 

 sation, which renders nervous lesions more intolerable. 



As evidence of the idea of caste in a dog, I shall 

 quote only one instance, although many others might be 



