GENUS 3. 



BUCKTHORN FAMILY. 



505 



2. Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Smaller Red- root. Fig. 2829. 



Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Hist. Arb. 2: 381. 1809. 

 Ceanothus avails Bigel. Fl. Bost. Ed. 2: 92. 1824. 



C. ovatus pubescens T. & G. ; S. Wats. Bibl. Index i : 

 166. 1878. 



Similar to the preceding species, but generally 

 a smaller shrub and nearly glabrous throughout, 

 or western races densely pubescent. Leaves ob- 

 long, or oval-lanceolate, i'-2' long, 3"-o/' wide, 

 mainly obtuse at each end, but sometimes acute 

 at the apex, glabrous, or with a few hairs on the 

 principal veins, serrate with prominently gland- 

 tipped teeth ; peduncles short, nearly always ter- 

 minal, bearing dense short clus_ters of white flow- 

 ers; pedicels slender, 4"-/" long; fruit nearly 

 as in C. amcricanus. 



In rocky places and on prairies, Vermont and On- 

 tario to Minnesota, Manitoba, the District of Colum- 

 bia, Illinois and Texas. Rare or absent along the 

 Atlantic coast. May-June. 



Family 83. VITACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 30. 1836. 

 GRAPE FAMILY. 



Climbing, woody vines, or erect shrubs, with copious watery sap, nodose joints, 

 alternate simple or compound petioled leaves with deciduous stipules, and small 

 regular greenish perfect or polygamo-dioecious flowers, in panicles, racemes or 

 cymes. Calyx entire or 4~5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, separate or coherent, valvate, 

 caducous. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the petals; filaments subulate, inserted at the 

 base of the disk or between its lobes; disk sometimes obsolete or wanting; anthers 

 2-celled. Ovary i, generally immersed in the disk, 2-6-celled ; ovules i or 2 in 

 each cavity, ascending, anatropous. Fruit a i-6-celled berry (commonly 2-celled). 

 Seeds erect ; testa bony ; raphe generally distinct ; endosperm cartilaginous ; embryo 

 short. 



About 10 genera and over 500 species, widely distributed. 



Hypogynous disk present, annular or cup-shaped, lobed or glandular ; leaves not digitately com- 

 pound in our species. 



Petals united into a cap, falling away without separating. i. Vitis. 



Petals separate, spreading. 



Foliage not fleshy ; flowers mostly s-parted ; shrubs or vines. 2. Ampelopsis. 



Foliage fleshy ; flowers mostly 4-parted ; vines. 3. Cissus. 



Hypogynous disk obsolete or wanting ; leaves digitately compound in our species, the leaflets 5-7. 



4. Parthenocissus. 



i. VITIS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 202. 1753. 



Climbing or trailing woody vines, rarely shrubby, mostly with tendrils. Leaves simple, 

 usually palmately lobed or dentate. Stipules mainly small, caducous. Flowers mostly 

 dioecious, or polygamo-dioecious, rarely perfect. Petals hypogynous or perigynous, coherent 

 in a cap and deciduous without expanding. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style very 

 short, conic; ovules 2 in each cavity. Berry globose or ovoid, few-seeded, pulpy, edible in 

 most species. [The ancient Latin name.] 



About 50 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. In addition to the following, some 

 10 or 15 others occur in the southern and western United States. Type species: Vitis vinifera L. 

 Leaves woolly beneath ; twigs woolly or hairy. 



Pubescence rusty-brown ; berries large, musky. i. V, Labrusca. 



Pubescence at length whitish ; berries small, black, not musky 



Berries with bloom ; branches terete. 2. V. aestivalis. 



Berries without bloom ; branches angular. 3. V. cinerea. 



