GENUS I. 



VIOLET FAMILY. 



36. Viola eriocarpa Schwein. *Smoothish 

 Yellow Violet. Fig. 2958. 



V. eriocarpa Schwein. Am. Journ. Sci. 5: 75. 1822. 

 V. pubescens var. scabriuscula T. & G. Fl. N. A. i : 



142. 1838. 

 V. scabriuscula Schwein. ; Britt. & Brown, 111. Fl. 2 : 



453- 1897. 



Glabrous except for minute pubescence on the 

 upper part of the stem and on the lower surface 

 of the leaves along the veins; stems ascending, 

 commonly 2-4 from one rootstock; radical leaves 

 1-5, long-petioled, the blades ovate to reniform, 

 cordate or truncate, mostly pointed; cauline 

 leaves only on the upper half of the stem, broadly 

 ovate, subcordate, acuminate, the uppermost 

 smaller, truncate, nearly sessile ; lateral petals 

 bearded; sepals narrowly lanceolate; capsule 

 ovoid, woolly or sometimes glabrous; seeds 

 brown, a little more than i" long. 



In low open woods, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, 

 south to Georgia and Texas. Ascends to 4000 ft. in 

 Virginia. April-May. 



37. Viola pubescens Ait. Hairy or 

 Downy Yellow Violet. Fig. 2959. 



Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 290. 1 789. 



Softly pubescent; stems mostly stout, 8'-i2' 

 high, often solitary ; leaves either cauline, 2-4, 

 near the summit, short-petioled, or occasion- 

 ally a long-petioled root-leaf; blades broadly 

 ovate or reniform, with cordate or truncate- 

 decurrent base, crenate-dentate, somewhat 

 pointed ; stipules large, ovate-lanceolate ; sepals 

 narrowly lanceolate; petals bright yellow, the 

 lateral bearded, the lower with short spur; 

 capsules ovoid, s"-6" long, ovoid-conic, gla- 

 brous or sometimes woolly; seeds brown, ii" 

 long. 



Dry rich woods, Nova Scotia to Dakota, south, 

 especially in the mountains, to Virginia and Mis- 

 souri. Often intergrading with Viola eriocarpa. 

 April-May. 



38. Viola rugulosa Greene. Ryd- 

 berg's Violet. Fig. 2960. 



Viola rugulosa Greene, Pittonia 5: 26. 1902. 

 Viola Rydbergii Greene, Pittonia 5: 27. 1902. 



Often widely spreading from long, thick, 

 branching stolons; stems stout, i-2 high"; 

 radical leaves usually 3-5, long-petioled, 

 the blades cordate-reniform, abruptly short- 

 acuminate, often 4' wide, densely hirsutu- 

 lous beneath, sparsely so along the veins 

 above ; lower stem-leaves similar, the upper 

 successively smaller and shorter-petioled, 

 the blades becoming ovate-acuminate, the 

 puberulence of the lower surface extending 

 along the petioles and upper part of the 

 stem ; stipules lanceolate, nearly entire ; 

 flowers and fruit as in V . canadensis; petal- 

 iferous flowers often appearing in summer 

 and autumn. 



Rich woodlands, Iowa and Minnesota, west 

 to the Rocky Mountains. May-Oct. 



