664 



CORNACEAE. 



VOL. II. 



2. CYNOXYLON Raf. Alsog. Amer. 59. 1838. 

 [BENTHAMIDIA Spach, Hist. Veg. 8: 109. 1839.] 



Trees, with opposite petioled pinnately veined leaves and small perfect yellowish or 

 greenish flowers in heads subtended by a conspicuous involucre of 4 to 6 large white or 

 pink bracts. Calyx 4-lobed ; corolla of 4 valvate petals ; stamens 4, with slender filaments 

 and elliptic anthers; ovary sessile, 2-celled; style terminated by the depressed stigma; ovules 

 i in each cavity of the ovary, pendulous. Fruit with thin acrid flesh, surmounted by the 

 calyx, the stone 2-seeded; seeds oblong; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight. [Greek, 

 dogwood.] 



Two species, the following typical one, and C. Nuttallii, of northwestern America. 



i. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf. Flowering Dogwood. Fig. 3189. 



Cornus florida L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. 

 Cynoxylon floridum Raf. ; Britton & Shafer, 

 N. A. Trees 744. 1908. 



A small tree, or large shrub, with very 

 rough bark and spreading branches, 

 reaching the maximum height of about 

 40 and trunk diameter of ii. Leaves 

 petioled, ovate, or oval, rarely obovate, 

 entire, pale and slightly pubescent on 

 the veins beneath, dark green and gla- 

 brous, or minutely pubescent above, 3'-6' 

 long, acute at the apex, usually nar- 

 rowed at the base; petioles 3"-io" long; 

 bracts of the involucre white or pinkish 

 (rarely rose-red), very conspicuous, obo- 

 vate, obcordate, or emarginate, strongly 

 parallel-veined, i'-2$' long; flowers 

 greenish-yellow, capitate ; fruit ovoid, 

 scarlet, 5 "-6" long, crowned with the 

 persistent calyx ; stone smooth, chan- 

 neled, ovoid, 3"-4" long. 



In woods, Maine and Ontario to Florida, 

 Minnesota, Kentucky, Kansas and Texas. 

 Ascends to 4400 ft. in Virginia. Wood 

 hard, brown ; weight per cubic foot 50 Ibs. Leaves bright red in autumn. Fruit often persistent 

 over winter. Arrow-wood. Box-wood. Cornelian tree. False box or box-wood. Nature's-mistake. 

 Florida dogwood. White cornel. Indian arrow-wood. April-June. 



3. CHAMAEPERICLYMENUM Graebn. ; Asch. & Graebn. Fl. Nord. Flachl. 



225, 539. 1898. 



[CORNELLA Rydb. Bull. Torr Club 33 : 147. 1906.] 



Low, almost herbaceous plants, woody only at the base, with nearly horizontal rootstocks, 

 and erect stems bearing a solitary head of small greenish-purple or violet flowers subtended 

 by an involucre of 4 large white bracts, the leaves opposite or whorled. Calyx-limb minutely 

 4-toothed, the teeth with a deciduous spinule on the back near the apex. Petals 4, valvate. 

 Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled. Drupe globose, red. [Greek, low Periclymenum.} 



Two species, of the northern hemisphere. Type 

 species : Chamaepericlymenum suecicum (L.) Asch. 

 & Graebn. 



i. Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) 



Asch. & Graebn. Low or Dwarf Cornel. 



Bunch-berry or -plum. Fig. 3190. 



Cornus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753- 



C. unalaschensis Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2 : 378. 1844-46. 



C. canadensis Rydb. Bull 1 . Torr. Club 33: 147. 1906. 



Herbaceous, woody only at the base; flowering 

 stems erect, scaly, 3'-9' high. Rootstock nearly 

 horizontal ; leaves verticillate at the summit of 

 the stem, or sometimes I or 2 pairs of opposite 

 ones below, sessile, oval, ovate, or obovate, pin- 

 nately veined, glabrous or minutely appressed- 

 pubescent, acute at each end, entire, i'-3' long; 

 peduncle slender, \'-\\' long; involucral bracts 

 4-6, white, petaloid, ovate, 4"--" long; flowers 

 greenish, capitate ; petals ovate, one of them with 

 a subulate appendage; fruit globose, bright red, 

 about 3" in diameter; stone smooth, globose, 

 slightly longer than broad. 



