672 



PYROLACEAE. 



VOL. II. 



3. CHIMAPHILA Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 279, 300. 1814. 



Perennial herbs, with decumbent stems, ascending leafy branches, the leaves opposite, 

 or verticillate, coriaceous, evergreen, short-petioled and serrate, and spreading or nodding 

 white or purplish flowers in corymbs or umbels. Pedicels mostly bracteolate. Calyx 5-cleft, 

 or 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave, nearly orbicular, sessile, spreading or recurved. 

 Stamens 10, similar to those of Pyrola, the filaments usually somewhat pubescent. Ovary 

 globose, 5-lobed, 5-celled ; ovules numerous in the cavities ; style very short, obconic ; stigma 

 large, orbicular, 5-crenate. Capsule erect, globose, 5-lobed, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved 

 from the top, the valves not woolly on the margins. Seeds numerous, minute, the testa 

 reticulated, produced at each end. [Greek, winter-loving, from its evergreen leaves.] 



About 6 species, natives of North America, Mexico, Santo Domingo and northeastern Asia. 

 Besides the following another occurs on our Pacific Coast. Type species : Chimaphila maculata 

 (L.) Pursh. 



Leaves lanceolate, mottled with white. 



Leaves spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, bright green. 



1. C. maculata. 



2. C. umbellata. 



i. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen. Fig. 3206. 



Pyrola maculata L. Sp. PL 396. 1753. 



C. maculata Pursh, Fl. A.m. Sept. 300. 1814. 



Stem extensively trailing, creeping or hori- 

 zontally subterranean, sending up both sterile 

 and flowering branches 3'-io' high. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or the lower much 

 shorter and ovate, acute or acuminate at the apex, 

 rounded or narrowed at the base, sharply serrate 

 with rather distant teeth, dark green and mottled 

 with white along the veins, i'-3' long, 3"-i2" wide 

 below the middle ; flowers few, corymbose or 

 umbellate, white or pinkish, 6"-io" broad ; pedun- 

 cle and pedicels puberulent; filaments villous at 

 the middle ; capsules erect, depressed-globose, 

 about 4" in diameter. 



In dry woods, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota, 

 south to Georgia and Mississippi. Ascends to 4200 

 ft. in North Carolina. June-Aug. Spotted pipsissiwa. 

 Rheumatism-root. Dragon's-tongue. Wild arsenic. 

 Ratsbane. 



2. Chimaphila umbellata ( L. ) Nutt. Pipsissewa. 

 Prince's Pine. Fig. 3207. 



Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753. 



Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 300. 1814. 



Chimaphila umbellata Nutt. Gen. i : 274. 1818. 



Similar to the preceding species, the branches com- 

 monly stouter, sometimes i high and usually more 

 leafy. Leaves spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse 

 or acutish at the apex, sharply serrate, bright green 

 and shining, not mottled, i'-2$' long, 3"-i2" wide above 

 the middle; flowers several, umbellate or subcorymbose, 

 white or pinkish, commonly smaller than those of the 

 preceding species, usually marked by a deep pink ring; 

 filaments ciliate; capsule 3"-4" in diameter. 



In dry woods, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to 

 Georgia, Mexico and California. Mountains of Santo Do- 

 mingo. Also in Europe and Asia. Bitter wintergreen. 

 Pine-tulip. Ground-holly. Bitter-sweet. Noble pine. Love- 

 in-winter. King's-cure. June-Aug. 



