GENUS 5. 



POPPY FAMILY. 



141 



5. GLAUCIUM Mill. Card. Diet. Abr. Ed. 4. 1754. 



Glaucous annual or biennial herbs, with alternate lobed or dissected leaves, large yellow 

 flowers, and saffron-colored sap. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens o. Placentae 2, rarely 3; 

 stigma sessile, dilated, 2-lobed, the lobes convex. Capsule long-linear, 2-celled, dehiscent to 

 the base. Seeds cancellate, crestless. [Name Greek, from the glaucous foliage.] 



About 6 species, of the Old World, mainly of the Mediterranean region, the following typical. 



i. Glaucium Glaucium (L.) Karst. Yellow Horned 

 or Sea Poppy. Fig. 1983. 



Chelidonium Glaucium L. Sp. PL 506. 1753. 

 Glaucium flavum Crantz, Stirp. Aust. 2: 131. 1763. 

 Glaucium lutcurn Scop. Fl. Cam. Ed. 2, i: 369. 1772. 

 Glaucium Glaucium Karst. Deutsch. F1..649. 1880-83. 



Stout, 2-3 high, rigid, branching. Leaves thick, ovate 

 or oblong, 3'-8' long, i'-2' wide, scurfy, the basal and low- 

 est cauline petiolcd, the upper sessile, clasping, pinnatifid, 

 the divisions toothed, or the upper merely lobed; flowers 

 axillary and terminal, i'-2 f broad; sepals scurfy; capsule 

 narrowly-linear, 6'--i2' long, tipped with the persistent 

 stigma 



In waste places, Rhode Island, southward near the coast to 

 Virginia, and in central New York. Widely diffused as a weed 

 in maritime regions of the Old World. Adventive from Europe. 

 Summer. Bruisewort. Squatmore. 



I 



6. CHELIDONIUM [Tourn.] L. 

 Sp. PI. 505. 1753. 



An erect biennial, brittle, branching herb, with alternate deeply pinnatifid leaves, yellow 

 sap and yellow flowers in umbels. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens o. Placentae 2. Style 



short, distinct ; stigma not dilated, 2-lobed. Capsule 

 linear, upwardly dehiscent from the base. Seeds 

 smooth, shining, crested. [Name Greek for the swal- 

 low, which appears at about its flowering time.] 

 A monotypic genus of temperate Europe and Asia. 



i. Chelidonium majus L. Celandine. Fig. 

 1984. 



Chelidonium majus L. Sp. PI. 505. 1753. 



Weak, i-2 high, sparingly pubescent. Leaves thin, 

 4'-8' long, glaucous beneath, i-2-pinnatifid, the seg- 

 ments ovate or obovate, crenate or lobed ; petioles often 

 dilated at the base; flowers 6"-8" broad, in axillary 

 pedunculate umbels ; petals rounded ; pedicels slender, 

 2"-6" long, elongating in fruit; capsule glabrous, i'-2' 

 long, tipped with the persistent style and stigma. 



Waste places, roadsides and even in woods, Maine to 

 Ontario, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. Naturalized 

 or adventive from- Europe. Summer. Called also greater 

 celandine, to distinguish it from Ficaria, the small or lesser 

 celandine. Swallow-wort. Tetterwort. Killwort. Wart- 

 wort. April-Sept. 



Family 37. FUMARIACEAE DC. Syst. 2: 104. 1821. 



FUMEWORT FAMILY. 



Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, with watery sap, dissected alternate or 

 basal leaves without stipules, and perfect, irregular flowers variously clustered. 

 Sepals 2, small, scale-like. Petals 4, somewhat united, the 2 outer ones spreading 

 above, one or both saccate or spurred at the base, the 2 inner smaller, narrower, 

 thickened at the tips and united over the stigma. Stamens 6, diadelphous, hypo- 

 gynous, in 2 sets of 3; anther of the middle ones 2-celled, of the lateral ones 

 i-celled. Carpels 2, united into a single pistil, the ovary i-celled ; stigma 2-lobed 

 or 2-horned ; ovules anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit a 2-valved several-seeded 



