668 



PYROLACEAE. 



VOL. II. 



as many as the divisions of the corolla, the anthers introrse in the bud, inverted 

 at anthesis, opening by pores or short slits ; pollen-grains in 4's. Ovary superior, 

 4~5-celled; style short or slender, often declined; stigma 5-lobed, or 5-crenate; 

 ovules very numerous, anatropous. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds 

 very numerous, minute, the loose cellular coat much larger than the almost undif- 

 f erentiated embryo. 



Three genera and about 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. 



i. Pyrola. 



Flowers racemose ; leaves basal. 



Flowers solitary, corymbose or umbellate ; leaves opposite or whorled. 



Stem leafy at base ; flower solitary ; style long. 



Stem horizontal ; branches erect, leafy ; style very short. 



2. Moneses. 



3. Chimaphila. 



i. PYROLA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 396. 1753. 



Low glabrous herbs, acaulescent or nearly so, stoloniferous, perennial. Leaves basal, 

 persistent (one northwestern species leafless). Flowers nodding, or in one species ascending, 

 white, yellowish, pink, or purple, racemose, on erect bracted scapes. Calyx 5-parted, persistent. 

 Petals 5, concave, sessile, deciduous. Stamens 10, declined, or straight and connivent; fila- 

 ments subulate, glabrous; anthers erect in the bud, emarginate or 2-beaked at the base, 

 mostly reversed at flowering, each sac opening by a basal but apparently apical pore. Ovary 

 S-celled; style straight or declined, filiform, or thickened at the summit; stigma 5-lobed 

 Disk usually obsolete, rarely present and lo-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 

 loculicidally 5-valved from the base, the valves cobwebby on the margins when opening, the 

 apex and base intruded. [Latin, diminutive of Pyrus, pear, from the similar leaves.] 



About 15 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, 3 others occur in 

 western North America. Type species: Pyrola rotundifolia L. 



Style and stamens declined (slightly so in no. 6). 

 Petals very obtuse ; leaves rounded at the apex. 



Leaves rounded, truncate or narrowed at the base. 



Flowers white or greenish white ; plants of dry woods. 

 Calyx-lobes oblong or lanceolate ; leaves shining. 

 Calyx-lobes ovate or triangular, short ; leaves dull. 



Blades orbicular, coriaceous, mostly shorter than petioles. 

 Blades oval, membranous, longer than their petioles. 

 Flowers pink or purple ; bog plant. 

 Leaves reniform or cordate, shining; flowers pink. 

 Petals and leaves acute, the latter small. 

 Style straight ; stamens connivent. 



Style short ; disk none ; raceme regular. 



Style elongated; disk lo-lobed; flowers in a i-sided raceme. 



1. P. rotundifolia. 



2. P. chlorantha. 



3. P. elliptica. 



4. P. uliginosa. 



5. P. asarifolia. 



6. P. oxypetala. 



7. P. minor. 



8. P.secunda. 



I. Pyrola americana Sweet. Round-leaved American Wintergreen. Fig. 3197. 



Pyrola americana Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2, 341. 1830. 



Scape 6'-2o' high, 6-2O-flo\vered, several-bracted. 

 Leaf-blades orbicular or oval, spreading, obtuse, 

 coriaceous, shining above, crenulate, narrowed, 

 rounded, truncate or rarely subcordate at the base, 

 i'-3' long; flowers white, nodding, very fragrant, 

 7"-9" broad ; pedicels 2"-3" long, mostly longer 

 than their bracts; calyx-lobes oblong or lanceo- 

 late, about one-third the length of the obtuse, 

 converging, thick petals; stamens and style de- 

 clined-ascending ; style exserted, annular under 

 the stigma; anther-sacs mucronate at base; cap- 

 sule 2"-3" in diameter. 



In dry woods, Nova Scotia to South Dakota, Geor- 

 gia and Ohio. False, larger, or pear-leaved winter- 

 green. Indian or canker lettuce. Wild or liverwort 

 lettuce. Copper- or dollar-leaf. Consumption-weed. 

 June-July. Included in P. rotundifolia L. in our first 

 edition, which proves to be a distinct Old World 

 species. 



Pyrola. grandiflora Radius (P. rotundifolia pumila 

 Hornem.), a high boreal species, extending south to 

 mountain cliffs in Quebec, is smaller-leaved, lower, the flower white to crimson. 



