STUDIES IN ANIMAL 

 BEHAVIOR 



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ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY, THE OLD AND THE NEW 



PSYCHOLOGY is a science that has had few his- 

 *- torians, and the special province of animal psy- 

 chology has never been accorded the dignity of a 

 full and thorough historical treatment. It is far 

 from the intention of the present writer to take up 

 this neglected task. But there are a few salient fea- 

 tures of the development of this branch of the sci- 

 ence which it may be desirable to consider briefly 

 in order to prepare us for an appreciation of the 

 aims and methods of present-day animal psychology. 

 The animal mind has enlisted a certain amount of 

 interest from the earliest times. Do animals have 

 souls? If so, Do these souls continue to live after 

 death? How do the souls of animals differ from 

 the souls of men? Do animals reason? these are 

 some of the questions which exercised the earliest 

 philosophers, and they have been asked more or 

 less persistently down to the present time. Among 



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